1. CHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction
Fig. 6.11

2. The Earth’s interaction with the Sun and Atmosphere
Life gets its energy from the _________.
Solar energy also 1 2 3
Air and Sun
Our Atmoshere is a mixture of gases 4
The four layers of the atmosphere include:
1. Troposphere – the lowest layer.
2. Stratosphere-
3. Mesosphere-
4. Thermosphere –

3. Physical properties of atmosphere
Atmosphere mostly nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2)
Temperature profile of lower atmosphere
Troposphere – temperature cools with increasing altitude
Fig. 6.4

4. Seasons
Fig. 6-1

5. Seasons Earth’s axis of rotation tilted with respect to ecliptic
Tilt responsible for seasons
Vernal (spring) equinox = Mar 20
Summer solstice = une 21
Autumnal equinox = Sept 22
Winter solstice =
Seasonal changes and day/night cause unequal solar heating of Earth’s surface

6. Uneven solar heating Angle of incidence of solar rays per area
Equatorial regions more heat
Polar regions less heat
Albedo =
Day/night
Seasons

7. Climatic Zones

8. Insert Fig. 6-3

9. Physical properties of atmosphere
Warm air, less dense (rises)
Cool air, more dense (sinks)
Moist air, less dense (rises)
Dry air, more dense (sinks)
Fig. 6.5

10. Movements in atmosphere
Fig. 6.6

11. Coastal winds Solar heating
Different heat capacities of land and water
Sea breeze
From ocean to land
Land breeze
From land to ocean
Fig. 6.13

12. Florida’s Seasons
Two Seasons= a
Temperature=
Precipitation= b

14. Movements in air
Non-rotating Earth
Fig. 6.7

15. Movements in air on a rotating Earth
Coriolis effect causes deflection in moving body
Due to Earth’s rotation to east
Deflection to r______ in Northern Hemisphere
Deflection to l______ in Southern Hemisphere

16. Movements in air on a rotating Earth
Fig. 6.9

17. Fig. 6.10

18. Wind patterns in United States

19. Fronts and storms Air masses meet at fronts
Storms typically develop at fronts
Fig. 6.14

20. Fig. 6.15

21. Ocean weather and climate patterns
Weather – conditions of atmosphere at particular time and place
Climate – long-term average of weather
Northern hemisphere winds move counterclockwise (cyclonic) around a low pressure region
Southern hemisphere winds move clockwise (anticyclonic) around a low pressure region

22. Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZ)
The equator is 0° latitude.
The Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) equator
is an imaginary line marking the temperature equilibrium between the hemispheres. It shifts north and south of the geographic equator with seasonal changes.
The ITCZ equator is important because atmospheric and ocean circulation are approximately symmetrical on either side.
The Winds
Chapter 8 Pages 8-22 & 8-23

23. Monsoons and Cyclones
Monsoons are seasonal wind pattern changes caused by heating or cooling on the continents.
Summers=
Winters=
Cyclones are large rotating storm systems of low pressure air with converging winds at the center.
Tropical cyclones=
Extratropical cyclones =
In both cases, cyclones form when moist wind gets drawn into a low-pressure area, causing it to twist around on itself.
Cyclones appear to rotate the opposite way with respect to the Coriolis effect.
When a cyclone forms, the low pressure pulling the wind into the pattern is stronger than the Coriolis effect.
Cyclones help with the redistribution of heat that is important to all life on Earth.
The Winds
Chapter 8 Pages 8-23 to 8-25

24. Hurricane morphology and movement
Fig. 6.17

25. Fig. 6.18

26. Earth’s heat budget
Earth maintained a nearly constant average temperature because of equal rates of heat gain and heat loss
Fig. 6.25

27. Greenhouse effect
Trace atmosphere gases absorb heat reradiated from surface of Earth
Infrared radiation released by Earth
Solar radiation mostly ultraviolet and visible region of electromagnetic spectrum
Fig. 6.24

28. Global warming over last 100 years
Average global temperature increased
Part of warming due to anthropogenic greenhouse (heat-trapping) gases such as CO2

30. Fig. 6.28
Fig. 6.29

33. Possible consequences of global warming

34. Reducing greenhouse gases
Greater fuel efficiency
Alternative fuels
Re-forestation
Reduce CO2 emissions
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 1988
Kyoto Protocol 1997

35. Ocean’s role in reducing CO2
Carbon Cycle

36. Ocean’s role in reducing CO2
Oceans absorbs CO2 from atmosphere
CO2 incorporated in organisms and carbonate shells (tests)
Stored as biogenous calcareous sediments and fossil fuels
Ocean is repository or sink for CO2
Add iron to tropical oceans to “fertilize” oceans (increase biologic productivity)