1. Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Watery Diarrhea
Michael Camilleri, Joseph H. Sellin, Kim E. Barrett 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 152, Issue 3, Pages e2 (February 2017)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
Cellular mechanisms accounting for intestinal absorption and secretion. Factors that reduce the amount or function of a specific transporter are shown in red boxes; those that increase levels of activity are shown in green boxes. Long vertical arrows indicate the paracellular absorption or secretion of water, with or without an appropriate counterion. LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; SI, small intestine; TK, tyrosine kinase.
Gastroenterology  , e2DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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3. Figure 2
Interaction of mechanisms in chronic watery diarrhea. Although most reductionist research models focus on a single parameter of intestinal function, in fact there is an intricate network of agonists and effectors with a promiscuous interaction among autocrine, luminal, paracrine, immune, neural, and endocrine (ALPINES) inputs that may alter the paracellular pathway, epithelial cell function, intestinal smooth muscle, and blood flow. Diarrhea can result from a change in one or many of these pathways and alterations in permeability, transport, and motility.
Figure adapted with permission from Schiller and Sellin.187
Gastroenterology  , e2DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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4. Figure 3
Algorithm for management of chronic diarrhea. Patients undergo an initial evaluation based on different symptom presentations, leading to selection of patients for imaging, biopsy analysis, and limited screens for organic diseases. Alb, albumin; BA, bile acid; BM, bowel movement; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Hb, hemoglobin; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; osm, osmolality; Rx, prescription; TTG, tissue transglutaminase; vol, volume.
Gastroenterology  , e2DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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