1. JUNE 2009
(a) Suggest how geographic information systems (GIS) help us understand the need for different types of coastal management strategies (10)
(b) Many places are experiencing an increased risk of coastal erosion and flooding. Describe how you would design a programme of fieldwork and research to investigate the effectiveness of coastal management schemes (15)
(c) Examine the value of sustainable and integrated approaches to coastal management. (10)

2. JANUARY 2009
(a) Describe the physical and human features of the coast shown in the photograph.
(10)
(b) Describe the fieldwork and research you would undertake in order to investigate changes in coastal land use over time (15)
(c) Using examples, explain why the methods of coastal management vary from place to place (10)

3. JANUARY 2010
(a) Suggest reasons why the two resorts have developed in different ways. (10)
(b) Describe the fieldwork and research you would undertake in order to investigate the impacts of coastal development. (15)
(c) Using examples, explain why managing coastal environments increasingly relies on a spectrum of approaches from ‘do-nothing’ to hard engineering. (10)