1. Types of Chemical Rxns

2. Composition (Combination) Rxns
Two or more substances react to form a single, more complex substance.
Examples:
2 Hg + O2
2HgO
Sn + O2
SnO2
Movie of Potassium + Bromine

3. Decomposition Reactions
A Complex Substance is Broken Down
(usually by heating) into 2 or more smaller substances
Examples
MnO2 2
KClO3 + heat 2
KCl + O2 3 ªH
BaCl2  2H2O
BaCl2 + 2H2O
Movie of Nitrogen TriIodide

4. Single Replacement Rxns
A single element takes the place of another element in a compound
Examples:
Zn + HCl 2
H2 + ZnCl2
Cu + AgNO3 2 2
Ag + Cu(NO3)2
Movie of Thermite Reaction

6. Double Replacement Rxn
The ions in two aqueous compounds Aswap
Examples:
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)
AgCl(9) + NaNO3(aq)
Calcium chloride + Potassium Nitrate
Potassium chloride + Calcium nitrate
See formula
Movie of sodium iodide + lead(II) nitrate

7. CaCl2(aq) + KNO3(aq) 2 2
KCl(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(s)
Back

8. A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide
Combustion Rxns
A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide
Usually used for the large amount of heat given off!
Balancing Tip: Do carbon 1st, then hydrogen, then oxygen
Examples:
CH4 + O2 2 2
H2O + CO2 + heat
C2H5OH + O2 3 3
H2O CO2 + heat 2

9. Combustion Rxns Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon
Most reactions that we think of as ‘burning’ a
fuel are combustion reactions
Examples:
Burning a log of Wood to heat your s’mores
Burning Coal to heat water to create electricity at a power plant
Grilling with Propane to heat your hot dog
Burning Gasoline in your car to heat the air and push pistons
Burning Oil in your furnace to heat your house
Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon

10. Some downsides to combustion reactions:
Combustion Rxns
Some downsides to combustion reactions:
Fossil Fuels are non-renewable resources
We are using them much faster than they are being produced
Eventually, we will run out of fossil fuels

11. Some downsides to combustion reactions:
Combustion Rxns
Some downsides to combustion reactions:
CO2 is a greenhouse gas and increasing CO2 levels contributes to global warming
(others are methane, water vapor, ozone, nitrous oxide)

12. Some downsides to combustion reactions:
Combustion Rxns
Some downsides to combustion reactions:
Combustion will be “incomplete” when not enough oxygen is present
Incomplete combustion results in CO, Carbon (soot), and nitrous oxides
CO is poisonous
Nitrous oxides are bad for the environment (acid rain, smog)

13. None of these “fixes” cuts
Combustion Rxns
What can be done?
Incomplete combustion can be improved by better designed burners / engines
Catalytic converters in vehicle reduce CO
“Scrubbers” placed in industrial exhaust systems can reduce nitrous oxides and CO
None of these “fixes” cuts
down or removes
CO2 emissions

14. Identify each reaction type+ + B) + O2 C H H C O2 C) O + + D) + E) + +

15. A Closer Look: Composition Rxns
Aluminum + oxygen
Calcium oxide + water
Sulfur + oxygen

16. More Composition Rxns Sn + O2 -----> Sodium + chlorine---->
SO3 + H2O >
Lithium oxide + water-->
Silicon + oxygen

17. More Composition Rxns Answers
Sn + O >SnO2
2Na + Cl2 ---> 2NaCl
SO3 + H2O > H2SO4
Li2O + H2O > 2LiOH
Si + O > SiO2

18. Decomposition Rxns
CuSO4  5H2O
NaHCO3
HNO3

19. More Decomposition Rxns
Na2CO3 ---->
MgO ----->
MgSO4  7H2O ---->
Sr(NO3)2 ---->
H2CO3 ---->

20. More Decomposition Rxns (Answers)
Na2CO3 ----> Na2O + CO2
2MgO -----> 2Mg + O2
MgSO4*7H2O ----> MgSO4 + 7H2O
Sr(NO3)2 ----> Sr(NO2)2 + O2
H2CO3 ----> H2O + CO2