1. Urbanization
Growth of the City

2. Population Explosion!
8,293
90,426

3. Why the City? Plenty of work in mills and factories
Opportunities for citizenship
Cheap & convenient
Offered social support

4. Great Migration
Between ,000 African Americans headed north
Wanted to escape:
Racial violence
Economic hardship
Political oppression

5. Problem: Housing
Boardinghouses
Row houses
Dumbbell tenements

11. Problem: Transportation
Prior to industrialization
On foot
By horse
After…
Street cars
Subways
The old and new didn’t mix!

12. Fifth Avenue NYC 1900

13. “Close of a Career”

14. Problem: Services Water Sanitation Fire
Early years – water sold off of carts
No indoor plumbing
Sanitation
Manure
Sewage
Garbage
Soot
Fire
No water to fight with!
Most buildings wood
Not until 1900 did most cities have fire departments

15. Problem: Crime First police force Gangs ruled New York City 1844
Ineffective
Gangs ruled
Murderer’s Alley
Robbers Roost

16. What to Do? Settlement House Movement Social Gospel Movement
Community centers in slum neighborhoods
Workers lived in the houses along with the poor
Social Gospel Movement
Preached salvation through service to poor

17. The End!