1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treatment: Side Effects and Complications of Fundoplication 
Joel E. Richter 
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 
Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages (May 2013)
DOI: /j.cgh
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2. Figure 1
Common patterns of primary fundoplication failures. Type 1 failures occur with displacement of gastroesophageal junction into the chest through the esophageal hiatus. Type 1A has herniation of both the wrap and gastroesophageal junction into the chest. Type 1B presents with recurrence of the hiatal hernia, but the wrap remains below the diaphragm. Type II failures are defined as failures caused by paraesophageal hernia. Type III failures occur as a consequence of malposition of the wrap at the time of initial surgery, usually on the cardia of the stomach.
From Hatch KF, Daily MF, Christensen BJ, et al. Failed fundoplications. Am J Surg 2004;188:786–791 with permission.43
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology  , DOI: ( /j.cgh )
Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions