1. Acidic, Basic, or Neutral Solution
How do make an acid or a base?

2. Group 1 or 2 Metals in Water
K (s) + H2O (l) 
Complete and Balance
Rule: Alkali metals and Alkaline Earth Metals in water form bases!

3. Practice Problems 2 Na (s) + 2 H2O (l)  2 NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Sodium in water
Calcium in water
2 Na (s) + 2 H2O (l)  2 NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Ca (s) + 2 H2O (l)  Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

4. Thermodynamics Review
Cesium in water?
+ or – ΔH?
+ or – ΔS?
+ or – ΔG?

5. Metal Oxide in Water CaO (s) + H2O (l)  Balance
General Rule: Metal oxide in water form basic solutions!

6. Practice Problems Na2O (s) + H2O (l)  2 NaOH (aq)
Sodium oxide in water
Na2O (s) + H2O (l)  2 NaOH (aq)

7. Nonmetal Oxide in Water
CO2 (g) + H2O (l) 
Balance
General Rule: Nonmetal oxide in water form acidic solutions!

8. Nitrogen Dioxide in Water
2 NO2 (g)+ H2O (l)  HNO3 (aq) + HNO2 (aq)

9. Sulfur Oxides in Water SO2 (g) + H2O (l)  SO3 (g) + H2O (l)  +4 +6
General Rule #2: More positive charge on the nonmetal leads to stronger acid. +6

10. Practice Problems Cl2O (g) + H2O (l)  2 HClO (aq)
Chlorine (I) oxide in water
Chlorine (VII) oxide in water
Cl2O (g) + H2O (l)  2 HClO (aq)
Cl2O7 (g) + H2O (l)  2 HClO4 (aq)

11. SALTS IN WATER? NaCl(s) + H2O(l)  HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
Would the dissolving of a salt in water cause the water to be neutral, acidic, or basic?
NaCl(s) + H2O(l)  HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)

12. ACIDIC or BASIC SALTS
Using pH indicators (phenolphthalein, bromthymol blue, etc), determine if the following salts are neutral, acidic, or basic:
NaBr
Na2CO3
Pb(NO3)2
K3PO4
NH4Cl

13. Where do we get indicators?

14. Indicators to Use Phenolphthalein Bromthymol Blue
Write the dissociation of each salt in water.
Why are some acidic, neutral, or alkaline (basic)?