1. Ancient Greece
Chapter 5 Section 2

2. The Polis Polis – a city state where most politics occur
Every city had a fortified hill with a monument to a god and at the bottom was the agora, where political decisions were made
Citizen – a person who took part in Greek government, policies and laws

3. Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens
1. Could vote
2. Hold office
3. Own property
4. Speak for themselves in court
RESPONSIBILITES
Must serve in government
Must protect Polis in time of war

4. Makings of a Democracy?!?
Greek people had some rights that U.S. citizens have today
Who didn’t have these rights???
Slaves and foreign born people
Men without land
Women

5. Trade Greeks bartered goods until 600 B.C.
Switched to a money economy = boomed their sea trade
Pottery, olives, wine, purple dye and grain were all major exports

6. Political & Social Change
By 750 B.C. Greek kings lost power to rich aristocrats
Aristocrats – members of the nobility
Common people lost land to Aristocrats when they couldn’t pay debts
Became sharecroppers and even sold themselves into slavery

7. Tyrants
Tyrant – when a person takes over the polis and rules single-handedly
Tyranny – the rule of a cruel and unjust person
Greek city-states were ruled by either an oligarchy or a democracy

8. Democracy Democracy – power lies in the hands of all the citizens
Athens was most famous for this type of government in Greece

9. Four Most Successful Leaders of Athens Brought Change to the Athenian Government!

10. Solon
Canceled all land debts and freed debtors from slavery to improve economic conditions

11. Draco Issued an improved yet harsh code of laws on aristocrats
Never misinterpreted by aristocrats, because they were written down

12. Cleisthenes
Made council of 500 – where an assembly of 500 men voted and made decisions for Greece

13. Peisistratus Divided large estates among landless farmers
Extending citizenship to men who did not own land

14. Athens’s Government
Athens, unlike Sparta, gradually expanded its definition of citizenship to encompass more people
By 507 B.C., the constitution, or plan of government, of Athens stated that all free, Athenian-born men were citizens regardless of what class they belonged to

15. Sparta and Athens
The two leading city-states in ancient Greece were Sparta and Athens.
Though their citizens participated in polis government, they differed greatly in their values, cultures, and accomplishments.

16. Oligarchy
Oligarchy - where a few wealthy people hold power over a large group of people
Sparta was most famous for this type of government in Greece

17. Sparta’s government
Two kings, who ruled jointly, officially ruled Sparta.
However, the real power was in the Assembly–a decision-making board made up of all men over the age of 30

18. Sparta
Instead of founding overseas colonies, the Spartans invaded neighboring city-states and enslaved the local people.

19. Around 650 B.C. the helots – Sparta’s slaves - revolted against the Spartans
After taking 30 years to suppress the revolt, Spartan rulers decided to establish a military society
Shunned philosophy, science, and the arts
The Spartans, however, were exceptional Olympic athletes, and soldiers

20. A Military Society All life in Sparta revolved around the army
At birth government officials inspected newborns to see if they were healthy; unhealthy babies were taken and left on a hill to die
At the age of 7, Spartan boys were taken from their homes to start training
At 20, men became soldiers
30, men were expected to marry
60, they could retire from the army

21. Role of Women Spartan women were raised to be healthy and strong
The women of Sparta married at age 19, which increased the likelihood of having healthy babies
No rights in government

22. The Persian War
In 546 B.C. the Persian armies, led by Cyrus II, conquered the Greek city-states of Ionia in Asia Minor
In 499 B.C., the Ionians revolted against the Persians but were put down by Darius I of Persia.
Darius then decided to attack the mainland of Greece

23. Main Battles of Persian War
Battle of Marathon
– Greek Victory
Battle of Thermopylae
– Persian Victory
Battle of Plataea
Persian Victory
Battle of Salamis
- Greek Victory

24. Aftermath of Persian War
Athens became wealthy
Formed the Delian League – alliance of Greek city states against Persians
Pericles builds the Parthenon
Sparta becomes jealous of Athenian power – PELOPONESIAN WAR BEGINS