1. Rocks & Minerals
ROCKS & MINERALS

2. Minerals must be: Naturally occurring made from non-living things
(fossils & coal are made from living things that died so are not considered minerals)
Not man made

3. Minerals must be: Solid Have a fixed shape and volume
Never living- inorganic

4. Minerals must have: Have a definite crystal structure
particles line up in a regular, repeating pattern.
flat sides called faces, that meet at sharp edges and corners.

5. Minerals must have: A definite chemical composition
Always contains certain elements in the same proportion.
Almost all minerals are compounds, (two or more different elements chemically joined).

6. Minerals Review All minerals must: Occur naturally in nature
Inorganic solid
Crystal structure
Definite chemical composition

7. Properties of Minerals
Hardness
A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.

8. Properties of Minerals
Density
Minerals will have a certain density regardless of the size of the sample.
Each mineral has its own density called specific gravity

9. Properties of Minerals
Luster
The way a mineral reflects light.
Can be metallic or non-metallic.
Shiny or dull.
waxy, pearly, glassy.
This is a gem stone called tourmaline it has a glassy luster

10. Properties of Minerals
Streak
The color of its powder.
Not always the same as the color of the mineral.

11. Properties of Minerals
Color
first thing noticed about minerals

12. Rocks classification Texture Grain Minerals Color Origin of rocks

13. Rock classification Texture is how a rock looks and feels
texture in rocks is determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rocks grains.
ocal.wasp.uwa.edu.au/.../rock/rock16.jpeg

14. Rock Classification Grain Size -- large, small
Shape --smooth, rough, round jagged
Pattern – rows, waves, swirls, beads or random patterns

15. Rock classification Mineral composition
Rocks are made of more than one mineral
blue.utb.edu/.../PHYS1417SPR00/Unit3Lec.html

16. Rock classification
Color rocks come in all sorts of colors

17. Rock Classification Origin of rocks How were the rocks formed - magma
- erosion and layering
- heat and pressure

18. Origin of rocks
Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of magma or lava
Lava is magma that reaches the earth’s surface

19. Origin of rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed from other rocks that are broken into small particles and moved by erosion (wind or water)
The particles are squeezed or cemented together
Rocks are layered

20. Origin of rocks Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks
Rocks have been pushed deep into the earth’s crust
Pressure from the earth above and heat from the mantle below cause them to change shape, color, grain and crystal structure

21. Rock cycle