1. ENERGY AND ORGANISMS Organism Groups 1) Autotrophs
- organisms that can make food molecules
2) Heterotrophs
- organisms that consume food molecules

2. Chemical Energy 1) Storing Energy - ATP- Adenosine Tri-phosphate
- formed by adding a “P” to ADP
- ADP- adenosine di-phosphate
2) Releasing Energy
- breaking off a “P” from ATP releases energy
- this leaves ADP, which can form back
into ATP again

3. ATP & ADP Energy Conversion

4. Photosynthesis Reactants Products Sunlight Glucose(sugar)
Carbon Dioxide Oxygen
Water
- uses chlorophyll (pigment) to absorb sunlight
- plants appear green because chlorophyll
reflects green light
- takes place in the chloroplast
Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light C6H12O6 + 6O2

5. Chloroplast Consists of: 1) Thylakoid - location for light reactions
2) Stroma
- location for light independent reactions
- a.k.a – Calvin Cycle

6. Light Reactions (thylakoids)
Reactants Products
Sunlight Oxygen (waste)
Water ATP
NADPH
* electrons from the breaking of water provide
power to create energy molecules.

7. Light Independent Reactions(stroma)
Reactants Products
Carbon Dioxide Sugars (glucose)
NADPH
ATP
*Energy molecules combine “C” from CO2
to create molecules of sugar

8. Factors that affect Photosynthesis
1) Amount of sunlight
2) Amount of Water
3) Amount of CO2
4) Temperature

9. Aerobic Respiration
- breaking down of food molecules to release energy
3 Steps
1) Glycolysis
What?- glucose split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
Where?- outside mitochondria, in cytoplasm
Energy?- 2 ATP’s

10. 2) Krebs Cycle
What?- pyruvic acid converted to CO2 & electrons
Where?- inside the mitochondria
Energy?- 2 ATP’s

11. 3) Electron Transport Chain
What?- Electron molecules used to convert ADP
into ATP
Where?- inside the mitochondria
Energy?- 32 ATP’s

12. 1 molecule of glucose = 36 ATP’s
SUMMARY
1 molecule of glucose = 36 ATP’s

13. What if O2 is not present? Fermentation
- release of energy without oxygen
2 Types
1) Alcoholic Fermentation
What?- pyruvic acid converts to alcohol & CO2
Who?- yeast, bacteria
Uses?- bread, alcoholic beverages

14. 2) Lactic Acid Fermentation
What?- pyruvic acid converts to lactic acid & ATP
Who?- animals
Produces?- short term energy
- causes muscle soreness, fatigue