1. The Civil War
Chapter 10

2. The Anaconda Plan Key Strategic Elements
Setting up a naval blockade along the Southern coast
Taking control of the Mississippi River and dividing the Confederacy in half
Invading the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia
Designed to surround the South and squeeze, just like an anaconda crushes its prey

3. The Emancipation Proclamation
January 1863
Lincoln knew that calling for the end of slavery would link the war to a moral cause in the North
It would also win support in Europe, where opposition to slavery was strong
Freeing the slaves could also deprive the South of part of its workforce

4. Vicksburg and Gettysburg
Vicksburg-May 1863
Union surrounded and
shelled for 6 weeks
Confederates
surrendered and Union
gained control of the
Mississippi
Gettysburg-July 1863
Lee’s army suffered devastating losses and was forced to retreat
It was a major victory for the
North and an important turning
point in the war

5. Total War
September 1864
Military doctrine that says armies should do whatever is necessary to defeat an enemy
Union forces burned down Atlanta, destroyed fields, killed livestock, and looted houses
Led by General William T. Sherman
Troops then headed toward the coast in Sherman’s March to the Sea, destroying everything of value in their path

6. Challenges for Government Leaders
North-Lincoln
South
Had Confederate sympathizers in border states put in jail to keep those states from joining the Confederacy
Issued Emancipation Proclamation but did not free slaves in Union border states
1863-Instituted a military draft
Allowed people to pay $300 to get out of the draft or to hire a replacement if they were drafted
Draft riots erupted in many Northern cities
working-class Northerners protested against the unfair provisions in the draft law
Peace Democrats in the North opposed the war
Believed the cost of the war—in lives and money—was not justified
1862-Passed a draft law
Allowed rich plantation owners to avoid military service
Many Southerners were angered by this exemption
Some Southern states called the law an assault on states’ rights
Placed an embargo on cotton exports to European countries
Hope of pressuring Europe to support the Confederacy
Great Britain had a surplus of cotton, and the embargo failed to achieve its goal
Because of the Union naval blockade, supply of goods fell in the South throughout the war, and prices rose
As a reaction to high prices and the shortage of basic food items, bread riots, led by women, broke out in cities and towns throughout the South

7. Effect of War on Soldiers
North
South
Rifled musket was a key innovation in the Civil War
Allowed soldiers to fire more accurately and from a greater distance than before
Conditions in field hospitals were awful
Surgical tools, such as bone saws, were wiped on jackets or dipped in dirty water
This contributed to many wounds becoming infected
Amputations, often done without anesthesia, were common
Most of a soldier’s life was spent in camp
All soldiers practiced marching and drilling, but after that they had hours of free time
Spent free time reading newspapers from home, writing letters, playing cards, hunting or fishing, playing baseball, wrestling, singing, or performing shows or skits
Civil War battles were typically noisy, chaotic, and bloody
Old-style tactics, like large frontal assaults, led to battles like Antietam, where tens of thousands of soldiers were killed or wounded
Doctors had little knowledge of the causes of disease or infection
Infected wounds or diseases passed through camps killing more soldiers than bullets did on the battlefield
Music was an important part of soldiers’ lives
Soldiers sang patriotic songs before battle
More often they sang sentimental songs that reminded them of home
Sometimes Union and Confederate soldiers were camped near each other and at night would even join together in song

8. Field Hospital-Amputation
Soldiers and War
Camp
Field Hospital-Amputation

9. Effect of War on African Americans
North
South
African Americans in the North were ecstatic over the Emancipation Proclamation
Even though it did not free a single slave, it was seen as the start of the end of slavery
th Massachusetts Regiment stormed Confederate forces at Fort Wagner
More than 40% of the regiment died
all fought valiantly and helped win popular acceptance of black soldiers
During the draft riots in New York City, white mobs turned much of their anger on African Americans
White soldiers earned $13 a month, while African American soldiers earned $10 a month
Some black regiments refused any pay
One regiment stacked its weapons and refused to pick them up until they received equal pay
Sergeant William Walker was executed by a firing squad for leading this protest
After the war began, and in response to news of the Emancipation Proclamation, some slaves deserted the plantations
Some followed the Union army
Others stayed, divided up the land, and started their own farms
Many black regiments were made up of freedmen from the South
These troops won the respect of their white officers
In the end, about 196,000 African American soldiers served in the Union forces
Many black soldiers who were captured during battles in the South were often enslaved or executed rather than imprisoned, as white soldiers were

10. Contributions of Women to the War
South
North
Elizabeth Van Lew was a Union spy
Able to plant one of her assistants as a maid in the home of Jefferson Davis
They gained access to Confederate war plans
Clara Barton gathered food and supplies for troops and later became a nurse who cared for hundreds of wounded soldiers
Surgeon Mary Walker was denied approval to serve in the Union army
Instead, she volunteered as an assistant surgeon in a Washington, D.C., hospital and worked as a battlefield doctor
She later received the Congressional Medal of Honor
Women in the North worked in textile mills and garment factories making uniforms
They also worked in government jobs, specifically in the Treasury Department and the postal service
Rose Greenhow was the most famous Confederate spy
She used her contacts to learn about Union troop movements
Her reports directly helped the Confederates win the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861
Many women served as nurses during the war
Sally Tompkins established a hospital in a private home and cared for more than 1,300 soldiers
She was awarded the rank of captain and was the only female officer in the Confederate army
Women in the South worked at home making uniforms
They also worked in dangerous munitions factories, where accidents were common

11. Women of the War Rose Greenhow Elizabeth Van Lew Clara Barton
Sally Tompkins