2. Crusades

3. Crusades Purpose: When: Who:
restore Christian control of the Holy Land
Kick out Muslims
When:
fought over a period of nearly 200 years, between 1095 and 1291.
Who:
Mainly Western Church fighting Muslims

4. 1st Crusade
Cause:
In 1071, at the Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine Empire was defeated.
led to the loss of all of Asia Minor except the coastlands.

5. 1st Crusade
Cause:
In 1071, at the Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine Empire was defeated.
led to the loss of all of Asia Minor except the coastlands.
The Battle

6. 1st Crusade
Cause:
In 1071, at the Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine Empire was defeated.
led to the loss of all of Asia Minor except the coastlands.
The aftermath

7. 1st Crusade
Cause:
In 1071, at the Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine Empire was defeated.
led to the loss of all of Asia Minor except the coastlands.
Byzantine emperor Alexios I's appeal to Pope Urban II for mercenaries to help him resist Muslim advances into the Byzantine Empire.
1096 – Crusaders headed for Byzantium.

8. 1st Crusade
Took back Nicaea

9. 1st Crusade Took back Nicaea Siege of Antioch
Lasted from October 1097 to June of 1098

10. 1st Crusade Took back Nicaea Siege of Antioch
Lasted from October 1097 to June of 1098
Crusaders entered and massacred Muslim population, destroyed mosques and pillaged the city.

11. 1st Crusade Took back Nicaea Siege of Antioch
Lasted from October 1097 to June of 1098
Crusaders entered and massacred Muslim population, destroyed mosques and pillaged the city.
Muslim (Kerbogha’s) forces immediately besieged Christian victors inside Antioch.

12. 1st Crusade Took back Nicaea Siege of Antioch
Lasted from October 1097 to June of 1098
Crusaders entered and Massacred Muslim population, destroyed mosques and pillaged the city.
Muslim (Kerbogha’s) forces immediately besieged Christian victors inside Antioch.
Crusaders eventually beat Muslims.

13. Path of Crusade

14. 1st Crusade
Siege of Jerusalem

15. 1st Crusade
Siege of Jerusalem
Army of only 13,500 men

16. 1st Crusade
Siege of Jerusalem
Army of only 13,500 men
Weak

17. 1st Crusade Siege of Jerusalem Army of only 13,500 men Weak
No ability to hold siege

18. 1st Crusade Siege of Jerusalem Army of only 13,500 men Weak
No ability to hold siege
Egyptian troops were coming to relive Muslims

19. 1st Crusade Siege of Jerusalem First attack on city in June failed
Army of only 13,500 men
Weak
No ability to hold siege
Egyptian troops were coming to relive Muslims
First attack on city in June failed

20. 1st Crusade Siege of Jerusalem First attack on city in June failed
Army of only 13,500 men
Weak
No ability to hold siege
Egyptian troops were coming to relive Muslims
First attack on city in June failed
Peter Desiderius, claimed to have had a divine vision instructing them to fast and then march in a barefoot procession around the city walls, after which the city would fall.

21. 1st Crusade Siege of Jerusalem First attack on city in June failed
Army of only 13,500 men
Weak
No ability to hold siege
Egyptian troops were coming to relive Muslims
First attack on city in June failed
Peter Desiderius, claimed to have had a divine vision instructing them to fast and then march in a barefoot procession around the city walls, after which the city would fall.
Second Attack succeeded.

22. 1st Crusade Siege of Jerusalem First attack on city in June failed
Army of only 13,500 men
Weak
No ability to hold siege
Egyptian troops were coming to relive Muslims
First attack on city in June failed
Peter Desiderius, claimed to have had a divine vision instructing them to fast and then march in a barefoot procession around the city walls, after which the city would fall.
Second Attack succeeded.
Great Massacre followed.
Muslims were slaughtered in the city walls