1. Solutions and Solubility
Unit 4 extension

2. What is a solution?
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances.
Homogeneous: a mixture that is uniform throughout; the particles are evenly distributed

3. Parts of a solution A solution contains at least 2 components:
Solute: the substance being dissolved; example: salt
Solvent: substance doing the dissolving; it is the major component in the solution; example: water

4. Universal Solvent
Water is known as the universal solvent because so many different substances can dissolve in water.
Are there substances that do not dissolve in water?
Yes! Examples:
Sand
Plastic
Cotton
Rubber

5. Solutions
A solution can be any 2 phases (solid, liquid, or gas) mixed together
Examples:
Brass: solution of zinc metal (s) dissolved in copper metal (s)
Alloy: solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals
Pop: carbon dioxide (gas) dissolved in water (l)
Vinegar: acetic acid (l) dissolved in water (l)

7. Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper

8. Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper

9. Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper

10. Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper

11. Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper

12. Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper

13. Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper

14. Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper

15. Solubility
Solubility: the maximum quantity of a solute (in grams) that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent (in grams) at a specified temperature.

16. Concentration Concentration: how much solute is in a solution
Concentrated solution: large amount of solute
Dilute solution: a small amount of solute
Which solution is more concentrated?

17. Concentration
Unsaturated solution: a solution that can dissolve more solute
Saturated solution: a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at the given temperature
Supersaturated solution: solution that holds more solute than it normally would at a cooler temperature.

18. 3 Factors that Affect Dissolving
Increase surface area makes the solute dissolve more quickly.

19. 3 Factors that Affect Dissolving
Stirring: moves dissolved solute away so the rest can interact with the solvent

20. 3 Factors that Affect Dissolving
Increase the temperature (Kinetic Energy): particles move faster and collide more often dissolving solute faster
Most gases become less soluble in water as the temperature increases.

21. Methods to Separate Mixtures
Evaporation or Distillation: Uses boiling points

22. Methods to Separate Mixtures
Magnetism: ideal for separating solids in which one of them has magnetic properties

23. Methods to Separate Mixtures
Centrifuge: uses density where layers are formed based on density of materials

24. Methods to Separate Mixtures
Filtering: separates large particles from smaller ones

25. Methods to Separate Mixtures
Chromatography: The various components of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate.
Example: Paper Chromatography