1. S.I.G.F.Y. Stories: Answers to:
Which Toothpaste to use?
Where to go for Trick or Treat?
Is UC Berkeley Guilty of Gender Discrimination?
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

2. Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting
O: Displaying Categorical Data
Q: Which toothpaste is recommended by dentists?
D: Called 30 dentists in Santa Rosa.
A: Bar Graph & Frequency Table
C: is recommended the most.
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

3. Bar Graph & Frequency Table
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

4. Can you identify the 5 W’s and one H of his data?
Why:
Who:
What:
When:
Where:
How:
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

5. O: Relation Between Two Categorical Variables
Question: Where can I get more good candies?
Data: Places and Types of Candy
Analyses:
Frequency for each type at each place
Two-way table or Contingency table
Which place has more and better candies?
Conclusion: gave more good candies.
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

6. Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting
The 5 W’s of Data:
Why: To decide where to trick-or-treat
Who: Candies from trick-or-treat
What: Type and Place
When: Oct. 31, 1995
Where: School and Home
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

7. Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting
One H of Data: How
Two sisters: 12 & 13 years old
Similar looks and heights
Wear the same costumes
Start and end at the same time
Use the same bags for candies
Sort, count, and record in kitchen with mom and brother (8 years old)
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

8. Trick or Treat? Where to go? Contingency Table
Places
Candy Types School Home
Star-bust
Chocolates
Tootsie Rolls
Others
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

9. Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

10. Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting
Is UC Berkeley Guilty?
O: See “Simpson’s Paradox”
Q: Was there gender discrimination?
D: School admission records
A: You do the thinking and showing
C: Tell us your team conclusions.
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

11. A: Two-way Contingency Table
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting

12. Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting
A: Three-Way Table: Explains Simpson’s Paradox
C: Is Berkeley guilty of gender discrimination or not?
Ai-Chu Wu, Ph. D. Statistical Consulting