1. Domain 3 Flashcards (86-114) Industrialization, Reform, & Imperialism

2. 86 Transcontinental Railroad 1869 - Built by immigrants (Chinese)
Connected east and west, allowed for faster travel and trade, caused other industries to grow (steel, coal, lumber).
Caused conflict with American Indians.

3. 87 Andrew Carnegie Rags to riches example Owner of Carnegie Steel
Controlled a monopoly in the steel industry by using vertical integration to drive out competition.
Andrew Carnegie

4. 88 Telegraph Invented by Samuel Morse
Used Morse code to send messages through electric wires over long distances.
First nationwide information transmitter. (1832)
Telegraph

5. 89
Invented the telephone to allow voice-to-voice communication over electric wires.
Alexander Graham Bell

6. 90 Thomas Edison Invented the light bulb
Allowed factories to be lit and operate 24 hours a day.
Illuminated buildings, streets, and neighborhoods across the US.
Thomas Edison

7. 91
John D. Rockefeller
Owner of Standard Oil Company (a trust) and controlled 90 % of the oil industry in the US – making it a monopoly.
Standard Oil was the most famous “big business” of the era.

8. Competing companies join together and turn the stock over to a group of trustees who run the separate companies as one large corporation.
Example – Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company 92
Trusts

9. 93
Created when a company has complete control over an industry.
Examples of monopolies:
John D Rockefeller owned 90% of the oil industry
Andrew Carnegie owned 80% of the steel industry
Monopolies

10. 94. American Indian Resistance
Barbed wire, railroads, and destruction of the buffalo disrupted the Plains Indians way of life.
Culture clashes between white settlers and Plains Indians led to reservations, boarding schools, and a series of Indian Wars on the Great Plains.

11. 95 Immigration Before 1890 most European immigrants were:
From northern & western Europe
Protestant
English speaking
After 1890 most European immigrants were:
From eastern & southern Europe
Jewish & Catholic
Non-English speaking
As a result these immigrants did not blend well with American culture and established ethnic neighborhoods similar to their home country.
Immigration

12. 96
-Main immigration station on the east coast (located in New York harbor) -Mostly European immigrants -Had to pass health and welfare inspections before being allowed to enter the US
Ellis Island

13. 97
-Main immigration station on the west coast (located in San Francisco Bay) -Mostly Asian immigrants -Had to pass health and welfare inspections before being allowed to enter the US
Angel Island

14. 98 American Federation of Labor (AFL) Led by Samuel Gompers
United workers to fight for better working conditions, higher pay, shorter workday.
Used strikes as a way to reach their goals.
Made up mostly of immigrants and unskilled workers.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)

15. 99 The Progressives Supported: Efforts led to:
Govt. regulation in business
Protection of workers and consumers
Conservation of natural resources.
Efforts led to:
better working conditions
limitations on child labor
more libraries, schools, hospitals, and parks for communities
The Progressives

16. 100 Women Progressives Goals: Example: Jane Addams and the Hull House
End child labor
Temperance
Women’s suffrage
Sanitation
Educational reforms
Racial equality
Example: Jane Addams and the Hull House
Women Progressives

17. 101
Progressive reform efforts led to new labor laws being passed such as:
Restricting child labor
Minimum wage
Maximum work hours
Work site inspections for safety
Worker’s compensation
Labor Laws

18. Political Reforms
102
Initiative - Bill that originates with the citizens.
Referendum – A vote on an initiative
Recall – Citizens can remove public officials from office before their terms expire by organizing a recall election.
17th Amendment – Voters directly elect US senators

19. 103 Conservation Movement
Millions of acres of wilderness in the west were set aside for conservation.
Led to the establishment of the national park system that included Yosemite (CA) and Yellowstone (WY)
Conservation Movement

20. 104
Investigative journalists who exposed the evils of society.
Well known muckrakers:
Upton Sinclair (food safety)
Ida Tarbell (business corruption)
Jacob Riis (slum conditions)
Muckrakers

21. 105 The Jungle Novel written by muckraker Upton Sinclair.
Exposed poor labor practices and unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry.
Led to creation of:
Food & Drug Administration
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
105
The Jungle

22. 106
Term given to segregation laws. These laws resulted in inferior education, health care, and transportation for African-Americans.
Jim Crow Laws

23. 107
Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of Jim Crow laws.
Established the principle of “separate but equal”.
Plessy vs. Ferguson

24. 108 NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Fought to overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling.
Sought full social and economic equality for African-Americans.
NAACP

25. 109 American Imperialism Reasons for US expansion (or imperialism):
Military Power
New Markets
Spread Democracy
American Imperialism

26. 110 The Spanish-American War (1898)
Known as “The Splendid Little War” (lasted only 16 weeks).
US acquired Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Cuba (as protectorate)
U.S. emerged as a great world power
The Spanish-American War (1898)

27. 111 Philippine-American War
Filipinos rebelled over US control, which led to the Philippine-American war.
Lasted 3 years, US won.
The Philippines remained an American territory until 1946.
Philippine-American War

28. 112 Theodore Roosevelt US President remembered for:
Leading the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War (1898).
Being a Progressive President.
Leading the conservation movement and establishing national parks system
Supporting construction of the Panama Canal.
Issuing the Roosevelt Corollary.
Theodore
Roosevelt

29. 113
Roosevelt Corollary
Policy added to the Monroe Doctrine by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt announcing that the US would act as an international police force in Latin America to protect U.S. investments and territories.
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”.

30. 114
Biggest engineering project of the era (opened in 1914)
Theodore Roosevelt’s idea.
Allowed shortcut between Atlantic & Pacific Oceans.
Panama Canal