1. Mexico and South America become independent

2. Creoles Lead Independence in Venezuela, Argentina, and Mexico
Background on Creoles
Could not hold public office
They were well educated (Enlightenment Ideas)
1810, rebellion broke out
Creoles opposed the Napoleon’s appointment of his brother as king of Spain
Two Important Generals
Simon Bolivar (Venezuelan)
Jose de San Martin (Argentinean)

3. Venezuela’s Independence
Bolivar’s Victory
Declared Venezuela’s
independence in 1811
Was not accepted immediately
1819, led over 2,000
soldiers on a march through
the Andes into Colombia.
He won.
1821, won Venezuela’s independence.
Then marched south to Ecuador where he met Jose de San Martin.
Venezuela’s Independence

4. Argentina’s Independence
San Martin leads Southern Liberation Forces
Declared Argentina’s independence in 1816.
1817 freed Chile.
1821, met with Bolivar to help drive the Spanish forces out of Peru.
San Martin left his army for Bolivar to command.
Significant because with a unified army, Bolivar is able to defeat the Spanish at the Battle of Ayacucho.
Latin America won their freedom.

5. Gran Columbia
Bolivar’s Dream
Oh well

6. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule
1810, Miguel Hidalgo issued a rebellion against the Spanish
Uprising alarmed the Spanish army and the creoles
Army defeated Hidalgo in 1811.
Rebels rallied around another leader – Jose Maria Morelos.
Morelos led the revolution for four years.
Defeated in 1815.

7. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule
Mexico’s Independence
1820, revolution in Spain put a liberal group in power
As a result, Mexico’s creoles united to support Mexico’s independence from Spain.
Augustin de Iturbide proclaimed independence in 1821
same guy that defeated the last rebellion
Becomes King of Mexico
Penensularies driven out creoles take top spot in social hierarchy
Little changes for lower classes
Mexico Ends Spanish Rule

8. Brazil’s Independence
1807, Napoleon’s armies invaded both Spain and
Portugal
Royal family fled to Brazil
After Napoleon’s defeat the government returned to Portugal
Dom Pedro, King John’s son stayed behind in Brazil.
1822, creoles demanded Brazil’s independence from Portugal.
Brazilians sign a petition asking Dom Pedro to rule
He agreed and he officially declared Brazil independent in 1822 through a bloodless revolution
Brazil last county to outlaw slavery due to lack of social upheaval (1888)

9. Class Discussion
What similarities did the Latin American Revolutions Share?
I what ways did the revolutions differ?