1. Social Studies
Essential UNIT Question: How did the ancient world contribute to the development of civilization?

2. Social Studies Standards
Case study of an early people of the Middle East (Sumer, Egypt, or Mesopotamia): 3.1 a, 3.1 c, 3.1 d

3. DO-NOW:
Update Table of Contents;
Place homework in portfolio.

4. Focus Question # 22:
What were the contributions of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt? (Part 2)

5. The Role of Religion: The Egyptian people were polytheists;
They believed that the Pharaoh was the son of Ra (RAH), the sun god; he was viewed as the giver of life;
Egyptian religion claimed that each of their gods had a responsibility: One god was responsible for the Nile flooding; another was responsible for the harvest of crops, and the yet another for the talents of metalworkers and potters.
The most important goddess was Isis (EYE-sis): She protected people from illness. The Pharaoh claimed she was his divine mother.

6. Ra, the Sun God
Ra, the falcon-headed god of the sun; he is depicted as half-man, half-animal. The sun disk rests on his head.

7. Isis, the Divine Mother of Pharaoh

8. Mummification:
The Egyptian religion believed that after you died your body continued to the afterlife;
Therefore, the priests practiced mummification, which is a process of preserving one’s body in strips of cloth and the application of salts to dehydrate the skin, causing a petrified appearance.
Vital organs were removed and placed in canoptic jars;
Lastly, the priests also applied perfumes and oils to the body.

9. Preparations for Afterlife:

10. Sarcophagus & Canopic Jars
Priests placed vital organs in jars
Sarcophagus = Coffin

11. Tomb Raiders:

12. Tombs as Proof of Life:
The pyramids were erected as tombs for the pharaohs.
Imhotep, the first architect and engineer to be known by name, built the first pyramid in honor of Pharaoh Zoser.
It was built in the town of Sakkara.
The design is known as a stepped pyramid because it did not have smooth sides.

13. Stepped Pyramid:

14. Menes “The Pharaoh of Unity”

15. The Double Crown of Egypt
Crown of Upper Egypt (White); Crown of Lower Egypt (Red)
United Crown of Egypt

16. Lower and Upper Egypt:

17. Silt deposits = Rich soil
Silt scooped out of the Nile
Silt helps nourish soil

18. Egyptian Irrigation
The Shadoof
Canals

19. The Nilometer

20. Flax was used for clothing
Egyptian Cloth
Egyptian weavers
Flax was used for clothing

21. The Flooding of the Nile River

22. Egyptian Transportation

23. Egyptian Domestication

24. The Nile and Its Delta

25. The Delta

26. Activity:

27. Homework # 31:
See HW tab (Website)

28. Today’s Middle East

29. Today I Learned . . .