1. A Healthy Animal has...
Clear bright eyes with pink membranes around the eyes.
An appearance of contentment.
An alert attitude and interest in surroundings.
A good appetite.
A sleek, shiny coat with hair that is pliable, not dry and brittle.
Feces and urine that are easily passed and normal in appearance.
Temperature, pulse, and respiration in normal range.
Clinical Exams TM

2. Average TPR’s Normal Temperature ˚F Pulse Beats/min. Respiration
Normal Temperature ˚F
Pulse
Beats/min.
Respiration
Breaths/min.
Cat
101.5
20-30
Cattle
101.0
60-70
10-30
Chicken
107.0
15-30
Dog
102.0
70-120
Goat
102.5
40-60
12-20
Horse
100.0
30-60
8-16
Rabbit
103.0
30-45
Sheep
60-90
Snake room temp
Clinical Exams TM

3. Temperature Variations in temperature occur due to: Procedure
Infection/disease
Excitement/stress
Environment
Procedure
Wipe the thermometer with alcohol and shake it down until the mercury is below 98 degrees.
Lubricate the tip with petroleum jelly.
Gently insert the thermometer into the rectum and hold it securely in place for three minutes.
Remove the thermometer and wipe with a paper towel.
Slowly rotate the thermometer until the mercury is visible, and take a reading.
Clinical Exams TM

4. Dog/Cat Pulse
Clinical Exams TM

5. Horse/Cow Pulse
Clinical Exams TM

6. Pulse Variations may occur due to: Procedure Anxiety Exercise Pain
Disease
Shock
species
Procedure
Using your index and middle fingers, gently roll them over the artery feeling for the pulse.
Count the number of pulses in 15 seconds.
Multiple the number of pulses in 15 seconds by 4 to get beats/minute.
Clinical Exams TM

7. Respiration Respiration is evaluated by looking at three parameters.
Rate of respiration
Depth – degree of chest effort needed to take a breath (deep, shallow)
Character (slow, rapid, normal)
Procedure
Observe the rise and fall of the chest,
Count the number of breaths for 15 seconds.
Multiple the number of respiration in 15 seconds by 4 to get breaths/minute.
Clinical Exams TM

8. 12 Areas to Examine
General Appearance - Healthy overall, eyes bright, coat shiny, too fat or too thin?
Integumentary (skin)- Coat shiny/full, or dull/brittle? Bald patches, rashes, or flaking skin?
Muscoskeletal - History of lameness or visible lameness? Broken bones?
Circulatory - Coughing, fainting, dyspnea, or heart murmurs?
Respiratory - Coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, exercise intolerance, or cyanosis?
Digestive - Eating normally? Diet changes? Toxin (rat poison, antifreeze) ingested? Vomiting or diarrhea?
Genitourinary - Abnormal discharge, smell, or color ? Swelling, inability or difficulty in urinating and defecating?
Nervous system - Seizures, behavior changes, head tilt, difficulty walking?
Lymph nodes – Swollen?
Ears - Discharge, unusual odor, or head shaking?
Eyes - Excessive tearing or discharge? Visual difficulties?
Mouth - Gums and teeth healthy, moist, pink mucous membranes? Very red, cyanotic, or pale membranes are abnormal.
Clinical Exams TM