1. 4.9 Oxidation and reduction of Aldehydes and ketones

2. =>

3. Tollens Test
Add ammonia solution to AgNO3 solution until precipitate dissolves.
Aldehyde reaction forms a silver mirror.
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4. Oxidation of ketones
Ketones  no reaction

5. Reduction – Catalytic Hydrogenation
Ketones give secondary alcohols
Aldehydes give primary alcohols O
H2 / Ni H
H2 / Ni
CH3CHO
CH3CH2OH

6. Reduction: aldehyde + hydrogen --> pri. Alcohol
Form of addition reaction.

7. Reduction: aldehyde + hydrogen
Break hydrogen bond

8. Reduction: aldehyde + hydrogen
Break double bond and use electrons to bond with hydrogen.

9. Reduction: aldehyde + hydrogen
Brief Method

10. 4.10 Addition of Alcohol
Hemiacetal and Acetal Functional Groups