1. THE GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATION
AMERICA EXPANDS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

2. Review….. George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson Set Precedent
Only would veto if law was unconstitutional
Established a cabinet of advisors
Jays Treaty
Whiskey Rebellion
Pinckney’s Treaty
Farewell speech and warning to others to stay NEUTRAL
-FEDERALIST PARTY
-XYZ Affair
-Alien and Sedition Acts
-Midnight Appointments
-New political party takes office
-DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS
Tie with Aaron Burr
12th amendment allows President to pick VP
Marbury V. Madison
Louisiana Purchase
(Lewis and Clark)
-NW expansion of the United States

3. MADISON ELECTED PRESIDENT
After two terms, Jefferson is succeeded by James Madison
Madison was two-term President
Madison also is known for his leadership during the War of 1812
President who declared war on Britain
4th President

4. British Impressment of U.S. seamen upset Americans
WAR OF 1812 – U.S. vs. BRITAIN
Causes: British “impressment” (seizing Americans at sea and drafting them into their navy) upset Americans
The War: 1814 – British sack D.C. Burn White house and the Capitol building
Andrew Jackson (general) leads great victory in New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent signed, Christmas Eve, 1814
British Impressment of U.S. seamen upset Americans

6. RESULTS OF WAR OF 1812 Results of the war included:
Encouraged industries in U.S. States became self-sufficient
Confirmed status of U.S. as a strong, free, and independent nation
Despite the burning of the President’s mansion, the U.S. emerged strong

7. Another Revolution..
During the 19th century factories became new centers of industry
Changes in machinery and mass production were brought about during the Industrial Revolution.
The EMBARGO ACT OF 1807 and the WAR of 1812 turned the source of income from international trade to domestic industries

8. New England Push to invest in industry 1st successful textile mill
Lowell, Massachusetts became a booming manufacturing center.
Thousands moved for work
** mostly young women whose families farm was in decline

9. Two Economic Systems Develop
Agriculture in the North-
-Farms were small and slaves were not required
-Raise one or two crops/livestock and sell the rest.
-By 1804 almost all northern states had abolished slavery (political and religious opposition)
King Cotton in the South
-Short staple cotton was easier to grow and now with the cotton gin it was easy to clean!!
-Demand for cotton GREW
-Needed more land and even more slaves

10. REGIONAL ECONOMIES CREATE DIFFERENCES
The Northeast continued to develop industry while the South and West continued to be more agricultural
The Industrial Revolution reached America by the early-mid 19th century
New England first to embrace factory system
Especially in textile (fabric) mills

11. SOUTH REMAINS AGRICULTURAL
Meanwhile, the South continued to grow as an agricultural power
Eli Whitney’s invention of the Cotton Gin (1793) made producing cotton even more profitable
The South became a “Cotton Kingdom”
More labor was needed – 1790 = ,000 slaves
1820 = 1,500,000 slaves
Cotton Gin quickly separated cotton fiber from seeds

12. BALANCING NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM
Economic differences created political tension between North & South
As the regions moved apart, politicians attempted to keep nation together
1815—President Madison presented a plan to unite the different regions of the country and to create a strong, stable economy that would make the nation self sufficient

13. House Speaker Henry Clay’s American Plan called for a protective tariff of 1816, a resurrection of the National Bank, and improved transportation systems to help travel

14. Transportation
In order for people to do business with one another they needed to travel and communicate
First railroad was built 1825
National Road(freeway) was started in 1811
Erie Canal stretched
363 miles -linked Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes

15. A new president and an era of “good feelings”
People were pleased with the way the country was developing
1816 James Monroe from VA was elected President
Welcomed by all
Antebellum America- “before the war”

16. Nationalism takes shape in America
McCulloch V. Maryland- Maryland had levied a large tax on the local bank of the U.S.
If the bank failed, states would be in fact overturning laws passed by the Constitution
“The power to tax is the power to destroy”
Chief Justice Marshall declared the bank constitutional

17. NATIONALISM SHAPES POLICY
Nationalism- belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries.
Treaty with Britain to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) secured Florida & southern- most areas of SE America

18. THE MONROE DOCTRINE
In the early 19th Century, various European countries hinted at increased colonization
In his 1823 address to Congress, Monroe made it clear to Europe: Don’t interfere with Western Hemisphere (Monroe Doctrine)
Promise to stay out of European affairs if Europe's did not attempt to create new colonies

19. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
In 1818 settlers in Missouri applied for statehood
Northerners and Southerners disagreed on whether Missouri should be admitted as a “free” state
Henry Clay organized a compromise in which Missouri was “slave” but Maine would be “free”
Also Louisiana Territory split at 36 30’ north latitude
HENRY CLAY: THE GREAT COMPROMISER