1. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
French Relationship with Amerindians
Fur Trading
The French settlement closely resembled those of Spain and Portugal:
Missionary work (Jesuits)
They emphasized the extraction of natural resources – furs.

2. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
French Relationship with Amerindians
Fur Trading (cont.)
Territorial expansion(W & S to LA) was driven by the fur trade; this resulted in the depletion of beaver & deer populations and made Amerindians dependent upon European goods.
Amerindians traded for guns, which increased the violence of the wars they fought for control of traditional hunting grounds.

3. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
French Relationship with Amerindians
Missionary Work
Catholic missionaries, including the Jesuits, attempted to convert the Amerindian population
Upon meeting with indigenous resistance, they turned their attention to work in the French settlements.

4. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
French Relationship with Amerindians
Settlement Growth
French settlements, dependent on the fur trade, were small and grew slowly.
Centered in Quebec
Amerindians preserved a greater degree of independence than they could in the Spanish, Portuguese, or British colonies.

6. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
French Relationship with Amerindians
Settlement Growth (cont.)
The French expanded aggressively to the west and south, establishing a second fur-trading colony in Louisiana in 1699.This led to war with England; French & Indian war.
The French were defeated in 1759 and were forced to yield Canada to the English and to cede Louisiana to Spain.

7. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
Royal Relationship with the Colonies
Spain
The new Bourbon dynasty undertook a series of administrative reforms:
Expanded inter-colonial trade
New commercial monopolies on certain goods
A stronger navy
Better policing of the trade in contraband goods to the Spanish colonies.

8. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
Royal Relationship with the Colonies
Spain (cont.)
The Bourbon policies were detrimental to the interests of the grazing and agricultural export economies, which were increasingly linked to illegitimate trade with the English, French, and Dutch.

9. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
Royal Relationship with the Colonies
Spain (cont.)
The new monopolies aroused opposition from Creole elites whose only gain from the reforms was their role as leaders of militias that were intended to counter the threat of war with England.

10. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
Tupac Amaru II’s Revolt
The Impact of the Bourbon policies
Amongst others, leads to Amerindian uprisings…
Amaru’s rebellion was suppressed after more than two years
Cost the Spanish colonies over 100,000 lives and enormous amounts of property damage.

11. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
Royal Relationship with the Colonies
Portugal
In Brazil, there was a period of economic expansion and administrative reform in the 1700s.
Economic expansion was fueled by gold, diamonds, coffee, and cotton
Led to the Pombal reforms, the importation of nearly 2 million African slaves, and a new wave of British imports.

12. FRENCH COLONIES; COLONIAL CONFLICTS
Royal Relationship with the Colonies
Britain
The British Crown tried to control colonial trading (smuggling) and manufacture:
Issue Navigation Acts
Suspend the elected assemblies of the New England colonies
=>Colonists resisted by overthrowing the governors of New York and Massachusetts and by removing the Catholic proprietor of Maryland.