1. Gilded Age and Progressive Age
Topic 12
Gilded Age and Progressive Age

2. After Reconstruction ended, what was the one area of life that actually saw improvement for African-Americans, and why?

3. Freedman’s Bureau school

4. Gospel of Wealth produces Philanthropy

5. George Peabody

6. Trustees of the Peabody Education Fund

7. John Slater created the John Slater Fund

8. John D. Rockefeller created the General Education Board

9. Anna T. Jeanes

10. By 1900 the number of black teachers had increased to over 28,000

11. The number of black schools had increased

12. Who was the leading black proponent of education for African-Americans, and who was his chief African-American critic? How and why did they disagree?

13. Booker T. Washington

14. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute focused on education blacks, mostly for jobs in industry and factories

15. W.E.B. Dubois

16. Niagara Movement

18. What economic problems were dominant around 1900 for African-Americans, and what attempts were made to improve their situation?

19. Black population in 1900

20. Poor black farmers

21. Increasing numbers of black factory workers (including children), but they remained at the bottom.

22. Jan E. Metzeliger

23. Elijah McCoy

24. Facing racism in union membership, some blacks tried to form their own unions, like this carpenter union in 1900

25. National Negro Business League (BTW is third from right, bottom row)

27. After Reconstruction, how did Southern whites try to keep African-Americans poor and powerless, and what attempts were made to help them? How successful were such attempts, and why?

28. The term “Jim Crow” came from a popular but racist minstrel show

29. The Populist Party (or People’s Party) and Tom Watson

30. Plessey vs. Ferguson, 1894

31. Hoke Smith, governor of Georgia, launched a white supremacy campaign, resulting in riots against blacks

32. Lynching

34. Why were the Progressive and Imperialist eras bad for African-Americans?

35. Progressive Era (1900s-WWI) idealism and reform did not extend to blacks

36. What organizations were formed to help African-Americans during the Progressive Era?

37. White liberals such as Mary White Ovington (left) and Oswald Villard (right) helped establish the NAACP

39. William Monroe Trotter

41. William Lewis Bulkley