1. Nationalism and Sectionalism
Chapter 12 Section 3
Nationalism and Sectionalism

2. Election of 1816 Era of Good Feeling
With the election of (1) James Monroe as President, political rivalries gave way to the (2) “Era of Good Feeling,” a time of (3) nationalism and unity.
Era of Good Feeling

3. Demise of the Federalists Party
By 1820 Federalists had vanished from politics and James Monroe is reelected without opposition. Even John Quincy Adams joins the Republican Party.

4. The American System
Henry Clay saw America becoming sectioned and proposed a program designed to halt the sectionalism.
The (4) American System was designed to help the economy and increase the power of the national government.
Higher tariffs
Chartering of the Second Bank of the United States
Internal improvements
National Road
Bridges
Canals

5. The American System WEST  got roads, canals, and federal aide.
NORTH  got the backing of protective tariffs.
SOUTH  ??

6. National Bank
Republicans had opposed Hamilton’s proposal of a national bank but the inflation that resulted from its closing in 1811 caused the Republican Congress of 1816 to bring back the national bank.
The second bank of the United States restored order to the money supply and helped American (5) businesses to grow.
Second Bank of the United States, Philadelphia

7. Trade Protection
The (6) protective tariff passed in 1816 placing high taxes on foreign goods. This was an attempt to keep American manufacturers competitive with British manufacturers.

8. Supreme Court strengthens Gov.
In 1810, the supreme court ruled in Fletcher v. Peck that acts of (7) state governments could be declared unconstitutional.
In (8) McCullough v. Maryland, the Court ruled that a state could not tax the property of the national government.
In Gibbons v. Ogden the Court said that only Congress could make laws governing (9) interstate commerce.

9. Sectionalism
Different regions of the country had maintained different interest since colonial times.
The North including (10) New England, the South, and the West.
Divisions or (11) disagreements threatened to divide the nation.

10. Balance of Free and Slave States (1819)
A Divided Nation
In 1819, Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state.
Northerners were against adding Missouri to the union as a slave state because it would disrupt the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states.
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Indiana (1816)
Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803)
Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791)
Tennessee (1796)
Rhode Island
Kentucky (1792)
New York
Virginia
New Hampshire
North Carolina
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Connecticut
Maryland
New Jersey
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Balance of Free and Slave States (1819)
Original 13 States
Free States
Slave States

11. The Great Compromiser
Debates in Congress reached a boiling point threatening to split the union. Henry Clay proposed the (12) Missouri Compromise.
Missouri would enter as a slave state and (13) Maine would enter as a free state.

12. The compromise set the parallel of as the dividing line in the (14) Louisiana Territory between future slave states and (15) free states.

13. Balance of Free and Slave States (1821)
Missouri Compromise
• Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state.
Maine (1820)
Missouri (1821)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Indiana (1816)
Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803)
Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791)
Tennessee (1796)
Rhode Island
Kentucky (1792)
New York
Virginia
New Hampshire
North Carolina
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Connecticut
Maryland
New Jersey
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Original 13 States
Free States
Slave States

14. • Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.
• Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N.
• Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.
Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

15. Election of 1824
The election of 1824 was marked by sectional difference, not political parties.
The Battle of New Orleans hero Andrew Jackson ran against John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, and Henry Clay.
John Quincy Adams [MA]
Andrew Jackson
[LA]
Henry Clay [KY]
William Crawford [GA]

16. The Election of 1824: The “Corrupt Bargain”

17. The House to Decide
Since no one had the majority of votes the House of Representatives would decide the outcome. The choice would be between Jackson and Adams.
As speaker of the House, Clay threw his support behind Adams and (16) John Quincy Adams became the next president of the United States.
John Quincy Adams

18. New Party Emerges
When Adams chooses his cabinet, he appoints Clay as secretary of state leading many to charge the two men as reaching a “corrupt bargin.”
The election ended the “Era of Good Feelings” and a new political party emerged, soon to be known as the Democrats to challenge the political group National Republicans.