1. Lesson 16.3: No End in Sight

2. Essential Question
What major battles /events of the Civil War occurred during 1862?

3. Vocabulary
Ulysses S. Grant – Union general who captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
Battle of Shiloh – battle near a church in Tennessee with a Union victory
Cavalry – Soldiers on horseback
Robert E Lee – Confederate general who ended the Union threat to Virginia

4. Vocabulary
Seven Days Battle – Battle in Virginia with a Confederate Victory.
Battle of Antietam – Known as the “Bloodiest Day in all of American history”
Capture of New Orleans – Union warships used successfully in this attack.

5. Focus Questions
Why was the seizure of Fort Henry important for the Union Army?
How were the results of the Battle of Shiloh different from earlier battles in the Civil War?
Why did President Lincoln refuse to fire General Grant?
Why was naval power important in capturing the city of New Orleans?

6. Focus Questions
How did the fall of New Orleans advance the Union strategy?
6. How was General Lee able to gain the advantage in the East?
Why did General Lee decide to invade the North?
Why was the Battle of Antietam called “The bloodiest day in all of American history”?

7. What we already know…
Robert E. Lee had resigned from the Union army and had offered his services to the Confederacy.

8. What we already know…
The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run made many in the North doubt whether the war could be won.

9. What we already know…
The union strategy called for a coastal blockade. Control of the Mississippi
River to cut the Confederacy in two. Third, to take the Confederate capital of Richmond

10. Union Victories in the West
Commander of Union troops in the West was General Ulysses S. Grant stated, “ Find your enemy, hit them fast, hit them hard ,and move on.”
Mayflower Compact = self rule

11. Union Victories in the West
In 1862, Grant captured two Confederate river forts in Tennessee; Fort Henry and Fort Donelson.
Ft. Henry
Mayflower Compact = self rule
Ft. Donelson

12. Union Victories in the West
Capturing Forts Henry and Donelson opened up a river highway into the heart of the South allowing Union gunboats and supplies to travel on the river as far south as northern Alabama.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

13. Union Victories in the West
One week later, Union troops captured Tennessee’s capital, Nashville.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

14. The Battle of Shiloh
General Albert Sidney Johnston, ordered his Confederate troops to retreat to Mississippi. By early April, Grant had followed Johnston south. Grant set up camp at Pittsburg Landing to wait for additional troops from Nashville.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

15. The Battle of Shiloh
Johnston decided to take the offensive and attack the Union troops before their reinforcements could arrive. On April 6, 1862, the
Confederates
surprised the
Union troops
near Shiloh
Church.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

16. The Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh turned out to be the bloodiest battle the Civil War had yet seen. It was a Union victory, but costly to both sides.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

17. The Battle of Shiloh
The number of dead and wounded Union soldiers was more than 13,000 out of 40,000!
Mayflower Compact = self rule
The Confederates lost nearly 11,000 out of 41,000 soldiers!

18. The Battle of Shiloh
Mayflower Compact = self rule

19. The Battle of Shiloh
Congress was shocked by the number of Union causalities at Shiloh and demanded Grant’s removal.
Mayflower Compact = self rule
Lincoln Simply replied, “I need this man - he fights.”

20. The Fall Of New Orleans
In April 1862, the Confederacy took another blow when the Union fleet, led by Admiral David Farragut, captured
New Orleans,
the largest
city in the
South.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

21. The Fall Of New Orleans
Rebel gunboats tried to ram the Union warships and succeeded in sinking one!
Farragut’s ships had to run through cannon fire and dodge burning rafts in order to reach the city.
Residents stood on the docks and cursed the Yankee invaders but were powerless to stop them.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

22. The Fall Of New Orleans Shiloh Vicksburg New Orleans
Only a 150-mile stretch of the Mississippi remained in Southern hands. The Union was well on its way to achieving its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two.
Shiloh
Mayflower Compact = self rule
Vicksburg
New Orleans

23. The Fall Of New Orleans
But guarding the remaining stretch of the Mississippi was the heavily armed Confederate fort at Vicksburg!
Mayflower Compact = self rule

24. Lee Claims Victories in the East
In June 1862, Robert E. Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia and began to turn things around.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

25. Lee Claims Victories in the East
One of the first things Lee did was to send Jeb Stuart and his cavalry to spy on McClellan’s army to find out its size.
Stuart‘s men rode around the whole Union army in a few days and reported its size back to Lee

26. Lee Claims Victories in the East
With the information from Stuart, Lee attacked McClellan’s army. The two sides clashed for a week, from June 25 to July 1, 1862, in what became known as the Seven Days’ Battles.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

27. Lee Claims Victories in the East
In late August, the Confederates won a second victory at Bull Run. Union troops withdrew back to Washington. Within just a few months, Lee had ended the Union threat in Virginia.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

28. Lee Invades the North
After his series of victories, General Lee turned his troops northward to invade the Union. He hoped a victory in the North, might cause Lincoln to talk peace. He also hoped the invasion would give Virginia farmers a break
from the war
during harvest
season.

29. Lee Invades the North
Lee also hoped the invasion would convince France and England that the Confederacy could indeed win the war thus getting their support. In addition the
European textile industry was now hurting from the lack of Southern cotton.

30. Lee Invades the North
People in Britain and France were starting to lean toward supporting the Confederacy, but their political leaders were not yet convinced the Confederacy could win independence.

31. Lee Invades the North
Lee wrote to Confederate President Jefferson Davis and told him of his plans to invade the northern states . Without waiting for Davis’s response, Lee crossed the Potomac with his army and invaded Maryland in early September 1862.

32. Bloody Antietam
Just as the Confederate forces were beginning their invasion of the North, a Union soldier found a copy of Lee’s battle
plans wrapped around a bundle of cigars that were left behind at an abandoned Confederate campsite.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

33. Bloody Antietam
With a copy of Lee’s plans in his hand General McClellan launched an attack of his own against Lee’s army!

34. Bloody Antietam
McClellan went on the attack, though he moved slowly as always. On September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg,
Maryland, McClellan’s army clashed with
Lee’s. The resulting Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day in all of American history

35. Bloody Antietam
By nightfall neither side gained any ground, the only difference was that about 25,000 men were
dead or wounded.
Lee, who lost as
much as one-third
of his fighting
force, withdrew
to Virginia.

36. Bloody Antietam
McClellan did not follow, missing a chance to finish off the wounded Southern army.
President Lincoln was so angry that he fired McClellan.