1. Unit 1 Lessons 4-6 -Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures -Solids, Liquids and Gases -Change of State

2. Substances Pure Substances: Made of only one type of particle
Elements:
Pure substance in its simplest form can’t be broken down physically or chemically
Examples: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold

4. Elements Characteristic Properties:
Physical and chemical properties that help identify elements
Examples:
Boiling/Melting Points, Density, Color, Reactivity, Flammability
Categories of Elements:
-Metals
-Nonmetals
-Metalloids

5. Metals and Nonmetals Metals: Nonmetals:
shiny, conducts heat electricity well
Copper, Tin, Lead
Nonmetals:
Dull, conduct heat and electricity poorly, solids tend to be brittle

6. Metalloids Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Some conduct heat and electricity well, shiny or dull
Smallest portion on the periodic table

8. Compounds
Mixtures
Made of atoms of two or more elements chemically joined
Has properties like elements (density, b.p)
Compounds properties differ than those of the individual elements
Combination of two or more types of matter that are not chemically joined
Parts retain their properties
Can be separated by physical means (magnets, filtering)

12. Mixtures Do not react to form a compound
Pizza: Tomato sauce, cheese, pepperoni

13. Solutions
Homogeneous (evenly mixed) mixture of two or more substances dispersed through a single phase
Same appearance and properties throughout the mixture
Salt water solution:
Solute (salt):
substance that dissolves in the solvent
Solvent (water):
substance in which the solute dissolves

16. Concentration of Solutions
the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent (g/ml)
What is the concentration of a solution if it has 100 g of sugar dissolved in 200 milliliters of water?
100 g of sugar/ 200 ml of water
.5 g/ml

23. States of Matter Solids Liquids Gases Definite shape Definite Volume
Distance Between Particles
Forces of Attraction Between Particles
Motion of Particles No
Yes
Farther than solid
Weaker than solid
Flow freely No
Very far apart
Very weak
Rapidly in straight lines
Yes
Very Close together
Very strong
Vibrate back and forth

26. Temperature
Measure of how hot or cold something is

27. Volume
Amount of space that an object takes up

28. Pressure
Amount of force exerted on an area

29. Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law:
Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant
“Boyle The Pickle Vines… opposite”

30. Gas Laws
Charles Law:
Volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature when pressure is constant
“Charles Pumped The Volume….up”

31. Change of State
Change of
a substance
from one state
to another

32. Change of State
Melting Point: the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
Freezing Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
Evaporation Point: the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas (Boiling Point of water is 212)
Condensation Point: the temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid
Sublimation: process in which a solid changes directly to a gas
Deposition: process in which a gas changes directly into a solid

33. Change of State Diagram of Water
Temperature C
100
Blue = solid
Red = liquid
Green = gas
Time (s)

34. Water Change of State Diagram
Be neat, colorful, creative and neat!
Requirements:
Title
Labels and descriptions for: melting/freezing points, boiling/condensing points, solids, liquids, gases
X and Y axis labels and units
Color coded key