1. The Arrival Of Macedonia: Phillip II And Alexander The Great

2. The Northern Greeks: The Macedonians
Kingdom of Macedonia was north of Greece
Macedonians were considered barbaric and not worthy of Greek attention
Macedonians had their own problems dealing with invasions from Europe and constant fighting amongst themselves

4. Phillip II 359 B.C. Phillip Of Macedonia assumes power
Skilled politician and master of Greek warfare who seeks to exploit weaknesses of many Greek poleis
He is skilled and daring enough to seize the entire Greek peleponese

5. Phillip II Army of Macedonia had many strengths
Army was based on heavy and light cavalry supported by hoplite phalanxes
Phalanx consisted of Greek soldiers in a tight formation of shields and long lances
Macedonians breed for war

7. Phillip II
Phillip of Macedonia controls Greece by 339 B.C. through conquest and by promising to remove Persian presence from Greece
He assassinated before daughters wedding in 338 B.C. (alleged that Alexander had role in his death)
Alexander assumes throne at 20 years of age

8. Alexander The Great
Alexander is an experienced commander and determined to prove himself
Calls for Greek troops but is ignored by Greek poleis
Massacres the polis Thebes in 335 B.C.to send a message
His army swells with Greek troops who fear him

9. Alexander The Great
Alexander invades Persia and at Battle of The Granicus 334B.C. defeats an army of 110,000
He moves into Egypt and is proclaimed pharaoh
Builds the famous lighthouse of Alexandria
Considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World

10. Alexander The Great: The Persian Conquest
Alexander seeks to conqueror Babylon in 334 B.C.
Persian Emperor Darius fails to stop the Greeks from moving into the heart of his kingdom
331 B.C. Battle of Issus Alexander crushes the Persian army led by Darius who flees the field of battle
Darius is eventually killed by own troops to appease Alexander

11. Alexander The Great: The Persian Conquest
Alexander conquerors the Persian empire and becomes infatuated with Persian life
Convinced he is destined to conqueror the world
He conquerors Afghanistan and Pakistan until he ventures into India past the Indus River Valley
India proves to be more than a challenge

12. Alexander the Greats Victory at Hydaspes River, 326 B.C.

14. Alexander The Great: The Persian Conquest
Alexander’s army refuses to go any further
He seeks to punish his men by returning through the deserts of Pakistan and loses 50% of his men
Returns to Babylon by 324 B.C. and seeks to merge the Greek and Persian empires into one

15. Alexander The Great: The Persian Conquest
323 B.C. Alexander seeks to cross into Arabia and beyond
The Greek army is exhausted and on the brink of mutiny
Alexander mysteriously dies before his plans are complete
Death is a mystery

16. The Significance Of Alexander
A magnificent general and leader whose accomplishments of war are still studied
He helped spread Greek culture throughout the Middle East
He built over 70 cities along trade routes using Greek style including bathes and gymnasiums which contribute to cultural exchange

17. The Significance Of Alexander
Introduced the Hellenistic Age it was the mixture of Greek and Persian culture that produced new ideas on civilization
This lead to the birth of cosmopolitan cities
Shortcoming was that he was not concerned with ruling an empire