1. Egypt: How did a traditional society deal with change?
CHW3M
Feb. 2017

2. Main Theme #1 Conservativeness, Stability Prefer tradition over change
Like things to remain generally the same
However, changes did happen
HTC = continuity and change (they are not opposites; they can occur at the same time)
Social hierarchy reflects conservativeness – little mobility (ability to move up)

3. Social Hierarchy Government officials Artisans
Social Class Pyramid Review, Oct. 2012, (Feb. 12, 2013).

4. Main Theme #2 Religion is everything
Polytheistic (have many gods) like Mesopotamia
(British Museum gods and goddesses list)
(British Museum, creation story) HTC = historical perspective
State religion – ruler deified (seen as a god)
Afterlife central – many rituals, spells, superstitions, prayers to help you get in

5. Weighing of the Heart during the Ka Recitation
Adam Gabbatt, “British Museum to Recreate Egyptian Journey to the Afterlife”, The Guardian, June 17, 2010, (Feb. 12, 2013).

6. Weighing of the Heart Osiris = Judge of the Dead
Maat = balancer of the scale
If heart weighs true  afterlife
If heart too heavy  devourer tears the heart to shreds and there is no afterlife

7. Ka Recitation
HTC = primary source evidence
Homage to thee, O great God, Lord of Maati! I have come unto thee, O my Lord, and I have brought myself hither that I may behold thy beauties. I know thee, I know thy name, I know the names of the forty-two Gods who live with thee in the Hall of Maati...I have not committed sins against men. I have not opposed my family and kinfolk. I have not acted fraudently in the Seat of Truth. I have not known men who were of no account. I have not defrauded the humble man of his property. I have not done what the gods abominate. I have not vilified a slave to his master. I have not inflicted pain. I have not caused anyone to go hungry. I have not made any man to weep. I have not committed murder....I have not encroached on the fields (of others). I have not added to the weights of the scales...I have not driven the cattle away from their pastures. I have not snared the geese in the goose-pens of the gods. I have not caught fish with bait made of the bodies of the same kind of fish. I have not stopped water when it should flow...I am pure, I am pure. I am pure...
Exploring Ancient World Cultures, Essays on Ancient Egypt, Deborah Howard, “The Egyptian Culture Reflected in Worship”, 1996, (Feb. 12, 2013).

8. Ka Recitation Format Opening dedicated to gods
Negative confession of bad things you have not done in your:
Relationship with gods
Relationship with humans
Relationship with nature
Respectful closing

9. Pharaoh and gov’t bureaucracy
Main Theme #3
Centralized state
One ruler, the pharaoh, had control over all of Egypt (Upper and Lower)
Unified for most of its history
Unlike Mesopotamia
Pharaoh and gov’t bureaucracy ?
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt

10. Geography
Using pages in the textbook, take notes under these headings and in this chart format:
Title = How geography affected Egyptian life
Page #
Heading / Point
Details, examples
Nile River valley
Nile Delta
Deserts
Flooding
Mediterranean Sea

11. Geography Comparison Mesopotamia Egypt Centred on rivers
Soil needs a lot of work to be farmed; land between rivers was desert
Deserts on both sides of the river isolated it to a certain extent and provided resources
Catastrophic flooding
Relatively predictable flooding made the land fertile (July – October = the inundation)
Levees on Euphrates R. were fertile but needed to be drained and irrigated
Trade through Mediterranean

12. Bag of embalmer’s natron
Desert
Nile River Valley
British Museum, Ancient Egypt Geography, N.d. (Feb. 12, 2013); Metropolitan Museum of Art: Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Bag of Natron from Tutankhamun’s Embalming Cache, Oct. 2010, (Feb. 12, 2013).

13. Homework 1 Take notes on political
Old kingdom, 57-59
Middle kingdom, 63-64
Answer “Egyptian Beliefs” questions 1-6 in booklet.

14. Homework Quiz – Old Kingdom
What made Egypt wealthy during the Old Kingdom?
How did they display their wealth?
Name a famous architect and builder.
What did he build?

15. Middle Kingdom Were these happy times?
How long did the civil war last?
What became the national god?
Who invaded and ruled for 150 years?
What did they have in terms of superior technology?
How did the Egyptians regain control?

16. New Kingdom Why is this time considered a golden age?
Who helped make Egypt wealthy during this time?
What was Ramses II famous for?
Foreign rule:
Greeks
Romans
Nubians
Assyrians
Persians

17. Bibliographic Format – Chicago Style
Last, First. Title of Book. City: Publishing Co.,
Year.
Notes:
Goes at the top of each source of info (don’t mix up your sources).
Title underlined or italicized.
Second (and third and so on) line indented.
City, not country.
See “Documentation for History Essays” in writing package.

18. Homework Quiz on BeliefsKa
Form of the dead that exists in the afterworld
Akh
Unique character of each person
Bah
Like the best times on earth
Maat
Concept of order, truth and justice – harmony with gods
Afterlife
Spiritual duplicate (returns via preserved body)
Mummification video:

19. Homework 2 Finish “Egyptian Beliefs” questions from booklet.
Take notes on political for New Kingdom, 65-67