1. Working with Cases
The text-case method

2. Combining text with actual cases
The text explains the content of Criminal Law or Procedure in general terms
It is accompanied by official cases in excerpts from court opinions
Demonstrates how general principles are applied in real-life situations

3. Basics
Cases usually involve appeals of findings of guilt from a trial court
Some arise from guilty verdicts after trials
Many after admissions (pleas) of guilt
A not guilty verdict doesn’t mean innocence
A guilty verdict means the state has proved guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
Legal and factual guilt/innocence can differ

4. More basics
Sometimes, after a finding of guilt in the trial court, the finding is appealed to an appellate court
Acquittals usually can not be appealed
Most states have two levels of appellate courts, Intermediate and Superior

5. Analyzing cases Divide review into discrete steps
Facts – real life events that led to charges
Issue – question appellate court must decide
Arguments – each side’s position
Holding – decision
Rationale – Appellate court’s explanation for ruling

6. Facts The story itself – what did the defendant do? Chronological
Intent (if it matters)
Circumstances (if necessary)
Harmful result
Any recognized justification or excuse?
Procedural history

7. Bond vs. United States What happened? Where? What law was applied?
What happened in the trial court?
Why did the defendant appeal?
How did the state respond?
What did the Supreme Court decide?
Why?