1. Albumin turns on a vicious spiral of oxidative stress in renal proximal tubules 
Enyu Imai, Hideaki Nakajima, Jun-Ya Kaimori 
Kidney International 
Volume 66, Issue 5, Pages (November 2004)
DOI: /j x
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2. Figure 1
Hypothetical signal transduction cascade of proximal tubule cells in response to protein overload. Arrows mean positive stimulation confirmed in tubular cells, and arrows with dot line means positive stimulation confirmed in another cells. Abbreviations: Akt, protein kinase B; AP-1, activator protein-1; ASK-1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1; AT1 R, angiotensin type 1 receptor; ATF-2, activating transcription factor-2; CuZnSOD, cupper zinc superoxide dismutase; GMF-B, glia maturation factor; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, glutathione; Jak, Janus protein kinase; JNK, c-JUN N-terminal kinase; MCP-1, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; p47phox, 47 kD subunit of the phagocyte oxidase; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; PKC, protein kinase C; RANTES, regulated on activation, normally T cell–expressed and –secreted; Stat, signal transducers and activators of transcription; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TGF-β II R, transforming growth factor-β type II receptor.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions