1. Marine Biology: Diversity
MARE 171
Marine Biology: Diversity
Dr. Turner
Fall 2014

2. Lower Invertebrates
Cnidarians digest their prey in a central Gastrovascular cavity: functions both in digestion and movement of materials; waste forced back through the mouth

3. Lower Invertebrates Reproduction: Hydrozoansj
Reproduction: Hydrozoans
Asexual (polyp) and Sexual (Medusa) stages
Planular larvae: the planktonic larval stage of a cnidarian

4. Lower Invertebrates Reproduction: Scyphozoansj
Reproduction: Scyphozoans
Sexes generally separate; medusa sexual stage, produce planula larvae, form polyp, produce medusa-like buds by asexual reproduction

5. Lower Invertebrates Reproduction: Anthozoans
- Asexual reproduction common
Pedal Laceration: a type of asexual reproduction that occurs in sea anemones in which a portion of the animal’s base (Pedal Disk) is broken off and forms a new individual

6. Lower Invertebrates Reproduction: Anthozoans
- Asexual reproduction common
Fission: a type of asexual reproduction that occurs in sea anemones in which the anemone splits into two and each half develops into a new individual

7. Lower Invertebrates Ecological Roles of Anemones Predator-Prey Habitat
Symbiosis

8. Lower Invertebrates
Ctenophores (Comb Jellies): are gelatinous zooplankton belonging to the phylum Ctenophora
- Nearly transparent; eight rows of comb plates (Ctenes): rows of cilia used by ctenophores for locomotion
Statocyst: an organ found in some animals that helps them maintain equilibrium

9. Lower Invertebrates
Ctenophores are carnivorous, feeding on zooplankton, larval fish, and fish eggs
Colloblasts: are specialized adhesive cells found on the tentacles of some ctenophores and are used to capture prey
Cydippid Larva: planktonic larva of a ctenophone

10. Lower Invertebrates
Bilateral Symmetry: a type of body organization in which the body parts are arranged in such a way that only one plane through the midline of the central axis divides the animal into similar halves
Midsaggital Plane: a plane through the midline of the central axis of an animal

11. Lower Invertebrates Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes) - flattened
Cephalization: the evolutionary process whereby sense organs became concentrated in the head of an animal