1. 1942 JAPANESE EXPANSION Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
US declares war on Japan.
1942
Philippines
Bataan Death March
map/japan

2. Bataan Death March: April, 1942
Approximately 80,000 US and Filipino troops [12,000 Americans] surrendered to the Japanese and were forced to march 60 miles to Camp O’Donnell.
Several thousand died along the way from atrocities committed by the Japanese soldiers.

3. "Island hopping" or "leap frogging" all the way to Japan.
JAPANESE EXPANSION
Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
US declares war on Japan.
1942
Philippines
Bataan Death March
"Island hopping" or
"leap frogging" all
the way to Japan.
Difficult strategy
of re-taking islands
Japan had under
their control...
Guam
Malaya
New Guinea
Threatening Australia and Hawaii
map/japan

4. General Douglas MacArthur
WWII MILITARY LEADERS
West Point Graduate
Commanding general of troops in the Philippines
Forced off the Philippines in “I shall return”
1944, Battle of Leyete Gulf---- “I have returned to re-take the Philippines”.
Supreme Allied Commander in the South Pacific
General Douglas MacArthur
WWII Military Leaders

5. 1942 1943 TURNING POINT BATTLES Coral Sea Midway
map/japan
TURNING POINT BATTLES
1942
Coral Sea
Midway
Midway virtually destroyed Japanese Navy.
1943
Continued “island hopping” strategy

6. The Doolittle Raid After Pearl Harbor, FDR wanted a morale booster.
He wanted to bomb Tokyo but aircraft carriers could not get close enough.
Plan: B-25s (which could launch off carriers) would bomb Tokyo and land in China.
Lt. Col. James Doolittle was in command of this operation.
On April 18th, 1942 bombs fell on Tokyo, which led to a change in strategy among the Japanese leaders.
Lt. Col. James Doolittle
B-25s off to Tokyo

7. Change in Japanese Strategy
Japanese leaders were rattled by the raids—bombs might have killed the emperor!!
The American fleet, they decided, had to be destroyed!
They wanted to cut off their supply lines to Australia.
They decided to attack Midway Island—the last American base west of Pearl Harbor.
Bombs falling on Tokyo.

8. Fighting at the Battle of Midway Badly damaged Yorktown
Code-breakers heard the plan.
At the Battle of Coral Sea, the Yorktown and the Lexington fended off a Japanese attack on New Guinea and preserved Australia.
Code-breakers learned of plan to attack Midway
Admiral Nimitz used this as an opportunity to ambush the Japanese fleet.
Japanese planes were hit with antiaircraft fire, shooting down 38 planes.
Japan lost 100 pilots which hurt their Air War.
American planes caught carriers by surprise—their fuel, bombs, and aircraft were exposed.
Four Japanese carriers were sunk, destroying the heart of the navy.
This hit the Japanese hard—it halted Japanese expansion in the Pacific.
Fighting at the Battle of Midway
Badly damaged Yorktown

9. Battle of Midway Island: June 4-6, 1942

10. Battle of the Coral Sea: June 4-6, 1942

11. Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the Philippines! [1944]

12. Japanese Kamikaze Planes: The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
The last 2 years of the war, the Japanese resorted to “suicidal bombers” or Kamikaze bombers to destroy the American Navy.
Approximately 2,800 Kamikaze attackers sunk 34 Navy ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4,900 sailors, and wounded over 4,800.

13. TURNING POINT BATTLES
1944
Battle of Leyete Gulf, recaptured the Philippines
1945
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Put the US 500 miles from mainland Japan
Began bombing mainland Japan
map/japan

14. US Marines on Mt. Surbachi, Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

15. Big Three POTSDAM CONFERENCE
Churchill, Truman and Stalin meet in Potsdam, Germany in July 1945.
Truman informed of successful test of bomb.
Demanded unconditional surrender from Japanese or a new weapon would be used.

16. Some suggest that Truman was warning Stalin.
POTSDAM CONFERENCE
potsdam
Some suggest that Truman was warning Stalin.
If he didn’t follow through with the decisions at Yalta, it could happen to the Soviet Union.

17. ATOMIC BOMB Arguments for use Arguments opposed
Japanese refused to surrender.
Estimated an invasion similar to D-Day was needed to end war.
Estimated Japan’s empire would last 2 years.
Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million or more men with huge Japanese losses.
Japanese leadership was told of the destructive power of the bomb
Offered a period to surrender but declined.
Arguments opposed
Atomic bombs were untested and their destruction unknown
Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not major military targets.
Those killed in the attacks would be Japanese civilians.
Radiation poisoning would have negative effects on the population.
Nuclear weapons would set a precedent that using weapons of mass destruction was allowable in war

18. Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the destructive power the bomb and to evacuate the cities.

19. Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the bomb and the translation in English
which has enslaved the Japanese people. The peace which America will bring will free the people from the oppression of the military clique and mean the emergence of a new and better Japan. You can restore peace by demanding new and good leaders who will end the war. We cannot promise that only these cities will be among those attacked, but some or all will be, so heed this warning and evacuate these cities immediately.
In the next few days the military installations in some or all of the cities named on the photograph will destroyed by American bombs. These cities contain military installations and workshops or factories which produce military goods. The American Air Force, which does not wish to injure innocent people, now gives you warning to evacuate the cities named and save your lives. America is not fighting the Japanese people But is fighting the military clique (govt. leaders)

20. By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built. 1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT
MANHATTEN PROJECT
A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to build an atomic bomb.
Started in 1940…..
By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built.
1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT
One would be set off in New Mexico successfully.

21. Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

22. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 48,000 buildings. destroyed.
70,000 killed immediately
48,000 buildings. destroyed.
100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

23. President Harry Truman
My fellow Americans, the British, Chinese and United States governments have given the Japanese people adequate warning of what is in store for them.
The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. If Japan does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped on her war industries and unfortunately thousands of civilian lives will be lost.
I urge Japanese civilians to leave industrial cities immediately and save themselves.
President Harry Truman

25. Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

26. The Beginning of the Atomic Age

27. Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 40,000 killed immediately 60,000 injured.
100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

28. TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS
After the Nagasaki bombing, Emperor Horhito surrendered to the Allies to end WWII in Japan.
“The time has come to bear the unbearable”.
Japan surrenders on Aug 14, 1945.
Official surrender ceremonies were held on Sept. 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri near Tokyo Bay.
Emperor Horhito
dictators

29. JAPANESE SURRENDER
Jap surrender
Japan surrenders on Aug. 14, 1945……Official surrender ceremonies were held on Sept. 2, 1945

37. V-J Day response by Americans in New York City