1. Cytology
Chapter 6

2. Cell Theory Why is this considered a “theory”? Light Microscopes
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek - Early 1600’s
Robert Hooke – 1665 – named “cell”
What was he viewing?
Three parts of cell theory
All living things made of cells
Cells basic unit of structure and function
All cells come from preexisting cells

3. Microscopes Video- United Streaming Compound light
Limitation is resolution
Transmission electron (TEM) – mid 1940’s
Scanning electron (SEM) – late 1950’s
Discuss similarities and differences
Discuss advantages and disadvantages

4. Cells - An overview Organelles Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm
Compartmentalization of cell functions
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic

5. Which cell is which?
Let’s draw a Venn diagram

6. 6.2 Membranes What surrounds the cell and its organelles?
What are the similarities and differences between the plasma membrane and our classroom walls?
What about the cell wall?

7. Membranes - Structure
What type of biomolecules makes up the plasma membrane?
Why does this fit structure and function theme?

8. Phospholipid Bilayer

9. Membrane Proteins
What are some membrane protein functions? (plasma membrane and other membranes)
Online Activity 6.3
Construct a Cell Membrane

10. Membrane Traffic Regulation 6.3
Materials such as water, nutrients, dissolved gases, ions, and wastes must constantly move in two-way traffic across a cell’s membranes.
Membrane designed to regulate and control what moves and when it moves!

11. Diffusion What’s that smell? Define concentration
Concentration gradient
Equilibrium
Can occur across membrane – such as window screen.
What does permeable mean?
What does selectively permeable mean?

12. Passive Transport
No energy needed – chemicals move down concentration gradient
Diffusion –
Gases – oxygen and carbon dioxide- through phospholipid bilayer
Water can’t move through PL-bilayer – Why??
Facilitated diffusion
Help received from proteins
Water, some sugars

13. Contrast diffusion and facilitated diffusion

14. Osmosis Egg demo Passive transport of WATER Key Terms: “Rules”:
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
“Rules”:
-tonic refers solute
Water flows from hypotonic to hypertonic (from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration)
Link for review of osmosis – hypertonic and hypertonic
Link to review semipermeable membrane and osmosis

15. Review of Cell Transport
Interactive Website

16. Osmosis in Animal and Plant Cells
Plasmolysis
Turgor pressure

17. Active Transport
ATP required!
Nerve cells (Na+/K+ pumps)

19. Transport of Large Molecules
Cells “packages “ invesicles
Exocytosis
Endocytosis

20. Introduction: What proportion of a cell is composed of water?
What’s the rest made up of?

21. How is a cell like our school?
What types of different things go on in a school?
What types of different things go on in a cell?
How are they separated?

22. 6.4 The cell builds a diversity of products
Nucleus- which room of EHS would the nucleus be?
If the cell were as big as our classroom, how big would the nucleus be?

23. Ribosome and Endoplasmic Reticulum
What do ribosomes do?
What happens in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
Rough ER
Smooth ER

24. Golgi Apparatus Where in EHS would you find the Golgi Apparatus?
How big would it be if the cell were the size of our classroom?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

25. Vacuoles, Lysosomes, and other Vesicles
Vacuoles usually store undigested nutrients
Vacuoles in plants – provide turgidity
Some contain colored pigments (not chlorophyll)
Lysosomes digest and recycle.
Involved in “digesting” phagocytized microbes
In some cases commit “suicide”
Vesicles are constantly budding from one organelle and fusing with others.
Online Activity 6.4

26. 6.5 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
Online Activity 6.5
What is the function of chloroplasts?
What is the function of a mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria)?
What are the products of each??

27. 6.6 Internal skeleton of cells
Cytoskeleton (cyto means “cell”)
What are the functions of microtubules and microfilaments?
Flagella and Cilia
Where do you find each?
How do they move the cell?
Online Activity 6.6
Cell is a Coordinated Unit!