1. Aim: What were the causes of the Russian Revolution?

2. Key Terms
Autocrat – Ruler with absolute power (Absolute Monarch)
Emancipate – To set free
Duma – Elected representative legislature (i.e. Parliament)
Proletariat – Industrial Working Class/Urban Poor

3. Czarist (Tsarist)Russia
1) Most Populous Nation in Europe
2) Rigid Social Class Structure
Serf Class is Emancipated (Freed)
3) Autocracy – Leader has TOTAL power
4) Czars DO NOT MEET THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE
5) Not as Industrialized as Western Europe
GFMNP  REVOLUTION

4. Leaders in Russia Czar or Tsar – Russian Ruler Czar Nicholas II
Brutal Leader
Czar Alexander II
Abolished Serfdom
Czar Alexander III

5. Problems in Russia Citizens are Internally Divided
Only ½ Population is Russian, All have different needs
Not as industrialized as Western Europe
No Voice in Government (No representation)/Needs are not being met
Harsh Working Conditions/Lives for Poor
Russo-Japanese War (lost) + WWI

6. Bloody Sunday
January 22, 1905
200,000 workers approached the czar’s winter palace in St. Petersburg
Petition for:
1) Better Working Conditions
2) More Freedom/Personal Liberties
3) Representation in Government/Elected Legislature
Troops open fire on workers
 Led to More Violence

7. Bloody Sunday

9. Early Reform in Russia 1) Czar Nicholas II created the Duma
Duma – Parliament, Elected Legislature
2) Prime Minister – Peter Stolypin
Cracked down on revolutionaries
Agricultural/Educational Reforms to help peasants

10. World War I 1) Nicholas II moves to the Eastern Front to run army
Tsar Enters War to Unify Nation
TOTAL DISASTER
1) Nicholas II moves to the Eastern Front to run army
No LEADERSHIP  Tsarina is in charge
2) Russian Army is not well equipped (lack of industry)
3) Many young Russians are dying
4) War is expensive/People are starving

12. The March Revolution March 1917 – Women Textile Workers Strike
“Down with the Autocracy, Down with the War”
200,000 Stormed the Streets – Soldiers ordered to shoot rioters but joined them instead
Czar Nicholas II Steps Down
Duma established a Provisional Government headed by Alexander Kerensky (moderate socialist)
Free Elections, Free Speech, Freedom to Assembly and Freedom of Religion

13. November BOLSHEVIK Revolution
V.I. Lenin Leads Bolsheviks
“Peace, Land and Bread”
Bolshevik Red Guards toppled Provisional Government
Bolsheviks in Power
Lenin ordered all farmland to be delivered to peasants
Gave control of factories to workers
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (leaves WWI)

15. Socialism/Marxism in Russia
Karl Marx Philosophy
Proletariat would overthrow government
Proletariat – Industrial Working Class
Russian Marxists Split into 2 Groups:
Mensheviks – Moderate
Bolsheviks – Radical
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Socialist Revolutionaries Formed Soviets
Soviets – Local councils of workers, peasants and soldiers

16. Civil War in Russia White Army (Loyalists) vs. Red Army (Communists)
Leon Trotsky Leads Red Army
14 Million Dead
Famine, Fighting, Flu
Lenin Restores Order
RUSSIA= 1st COMMUNIST Nation

19. IMPACT OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Civil War is won by the BOLSHEVIKS (Communists)
Lenin takes over as Dictator
NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP)
1) Small Scale Capitalism
2) Peasants could sell surplus crops
3) Government kept control of major industries
Country Recovers from Civil War
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

20. Aim: How did Russia become a Totalitarian State?

21. Totalitarianism
Totalitarian State – A state in which the government controls ALL aspects of its citizens’ lives.
Command Economy – Government officials make all basic economic decisions.

22. Purges – Attempts to get rid of any DISSENT in society (Violent) Collectivization – Process of combining all private land and placing it under government control. Propaganda – One sided information used by the government to persuade the public Censorship – Limiting or regulating ALL MEDIA by the government

23. Aim: What was daily life like under Joseph Stalin?

24. Industrialization Increased Steel Production Trans Siberian Railroad
Increased Factories
Harsh Working Conditions, Low Wages, Child Labor
Government Outlawed Unions
Industrialization Leads to Discontent

25. Features of Totalitarian Rule
Dynamic Leader
Police Terror
Indoctrination (Education)
Propaganda/Censorship
Religious/Ethnic Persecution

26. Improve Transportation Increase Farm Output
Stalin’s 5 Year Plans
Goals
Build Heavy Industry
Improve Transportation
Increase Farm Output
COLLECTIVES (Heavy Resistance)

27. Results of the 5 Year Plans
High Production Goals
Production Increased
Quotas  Low Quality
Central Planning
Surpluses/Shortages
Few Consumer Goods

28. Aim: What was Stalin’s Legacy in the Soviet Union?

29. STALIN’S LEGACY 1934 The Great Purge
Attacks against anyone that was a threat to power. 8 – 13 Million Dead
Ukrainian Forced Famine (Terror Famine)
Kulaks = Wealth Farmers, Resisted Collectivization, “Liquidate the Kulaks”
Forced Starvation = Million Dead

31. Religious Persecution
Replace Religion with Communism
Police Destroyed Churches and SynagoguesKilled Clergy
POGROMS – Waves of Violence Against Jews

32. Daily Life Under Stalin
Women's Role Expanded in Workforce
Harsh Life
Increased Education and Technical Skills
NO INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM