1. Social Learning Theory
We learn by observing others (observational learning).
Albert Bandura and his Bobo Doll experiments.
In Bandura’s study the kids copied the behavior of the adults (beating on the Bobo Dolls).
The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior is called modeling.
“Vicarious” reinforcement and punishment.

2. Mirror Neurons Located in frontal lobe next to the motor cortex.
Fire during performance AND during observation of another.
They provide a neural basis for observational learning.

3. TV and Observational Learning
Watches =
Prolonged exposure to violence basically desensitizes viewers to violence.
2/3 of all homes have 3 or more sets and an average 51 hours a week of TV.
By the time a child finishes elementary school they have witnessed 8000 murders and 100,000 other acts of violence on TV.
Over half of all deaths do NOT show the victim's pain.
As TV watching has grown exponentially, so has violent behavior - a strong positive correlation; BUT it’s not proof that it causes aggression.
By the time you are 18, you spend more time in front of TV than in school.

4. Latent Learning Edward Toleman Three rat experiment.
Latent means hidden.
Sometimes learning is not immediately evident.
Rats learned the maze even when they just wandered around with no reward at the other end.
The rats developed a cognitive map (mental representation of the maze).

5. Insight Learning
Wolfgang Kohler and his chimpanzees who learned to use tools.
Some animals learn through the “ah ha” experience.

6. Influences on Learning
Biological
Social cultural
psychological

7. Biological Genetic predispositions Unconditioned responses
Adaptive responses

8. Social Cultural Culturally learned preferences
Motivation, affected by the presence of others
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9. Psychological Previous experiences Predictability of associations
Generalization
discrimination
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10. Motivation Intrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic Motivation:
A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake.
Extrinsic Motivation:
A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or to avoid threatened punishment

11. Problem focused coping
Attempting to alleviate stress directly – by changing the stressor or the way we interact with the stressor
For example, you get into an argument with your boyfriend so you sit and work things out.

12. Emotion focused coping
Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one’s stress reaction
Or, instead of working things out with your boyfriend you go to your BFF and complain about him.

13. Learned Helplessness
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

14. External Locus of Control
The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

15. Internal Locus of Control
The perception that you control your own fate

16. Self Control
The ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification for greater long term rewards