1. Can Surgery for Cancer Accelerate the Progression of Secondary Tumors Within Residual Minimal Disease at Both Local and Systemic Levels? 
Syed S.A. Qadri, Jiang-Huai Wang, PhD, J.C. Coffey, AFRCSI, PhD, Mahmood Alam, Aonghus O’Donnell, Thomas Aherne, Henry P. Redmond, MCh 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 80, Issue 3, Pages (September 2005)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Schematic diagram. Mice are grouped and subgrouped as above. After two weeks, mice in 2A were killed. At two weeks, primary tumors were excised completely in group 2B. Four weeks from the onset of the study all animals were killed. Tumors and lungs were excised from all animals.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Tumor excision influences progression in minimal residual neoplastic disease. Accelerated recurrent tumor growth occurs after primary tumor excision. Tumor growth was assessed as described in the Material and Methods section. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical significance relates to control, *p less than ▴ = group 1; ■ = group 2.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Invasiveness of recurrent tumors. Photomicrograph demonstrating (A) capsulated primary tumor (magnification × 10), (B) recurrent tumor without capsule (magnification × 10), and (C) invasion of recurrent tumor cells into adjacent muscles (magnification × 10).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Recurrent tumors demonstrated increased mitosis (mean numbers of mitotic cells per 10 high power fields) when compared with the corresponding primary tumors; *p less than 0.05.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Tumor excision alters the biological behavior of recurrent tumors. (A) Increased mitosis (p = ) and decreased apoptosis in recurrent tumors. (B) Primary tumor with reduced mitosis and few apoptotic cells as assessed using hematoxylin & eosin histology, revealing a decreased apoptosis-mitosis ratio in recurrent tumors (0.68 ± 0.2 versus 0.97 ± 0.2 − p = 0.04).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions