2. Terms Haploid: (1n) one set of chromosomes
Diploid: (2n) two sets of chromosomes
Gametes: sex cells
Female = egg cells
Male = sperm cells
Somatic Cells: (autosomes) body cells (ex: skin, stomach, brain, liver, blood cells)

3. Crossing Over
During prophase I, the homologous chromosomes form tetrads, which may exchange genetic information.

4. Independent Assortment of chromosomes
The chromosomes line up during metaphase I at random which leads to genetic variability (differences).
Inherited from father (blue)
Inherited from mother (red)

5. Meiosis: Cell division process that reduces the number of chromosomes present by ½ (creates egg and sperm cells)

6. Meiosis Interphase
Meiosis is proceded by interphase. The chromosomes have not yet condensed.

7. Meiosis Interphase chromosomes replicated chromatin condenses.

8. Meiosis Prophase I Chromosomes completely condensed.
In meiosis (unlike mitosis), homologous chromosomes pair with one another forming a tetrad
Crossing over occurs

9. Meiosis Metaphase I
Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibers - line up in the middle (equator).
Independent Assortment occurs

10. Meiosis Anaphase I
Homologous chromosome pair move to opposite ends of the cell.
(2n  1n)

11. Meiosis Telophase I & Cytokinesis
Cell begins to divide into two daughter cells.
Each daughter cell can get any combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

12. Meiosis Prophase II Cell has divided into two daughter cells.
Centrioles migrate, spindles form, chromosomes pairs begin to migrate.

13. Meiosis Metaphase II
As in Meiosis I, the chromosomes line up on the spindle fibers across the middle (equator).

14. Meiosis Anaphase II
As in Meiosis I, the sister chromatids move to opposite ends of each cell.

15. Telophase II & Cytokinesis
Four haploid cells.
Each gamete (sex cell) carries half the number of chromosomes of somatic (body) cells.