1. Liberty JYOTI Assistant Professor Department of Political Science
PGGC-11
Chandigarh

2. Liberty is one of the most precious thing of man’s life
Liberty is one of the most precious thing of man’s life. The seed of liberty was sown in England when feudals struggled against the absolutism of king and compelled him to sigh magna carta in The voice of liberty was again raised in the Petition of Rights of 1628 and after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and it was clearly accepted in the Bill of Rights of Liberty took firmer roots with the American War of Independence in 1776 and then the French Revolution in 1789.

3. Definition
T.H. Green, “ Freedom is the positive power or capacity of doing or enjoying some thing worth doing or enjoying and that too, something we do or enjoy with others.” Prof. Laski, “Liberty is the eager maintenance of that atmosphere in which men have the opportunity to be their best selves.”

4. The word ‘Liberty’ owes its origin to the latin word ‘Liber’ which means freedom or absence of restraints. Liberty is of two types: Negative Liberty: Absence of all restraints. Positive Liberty: Its not absence of all restraints but rather the absence of those restraints which are unresonable and unjust.

5. The concept of negative liberty evolved along with the concept of liberalism. It means freedom to anything according to one’s will and absence of all restraints. The main supporters of Negative Liberty are John Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau, Adam Smith, Ricardo, J.S. Mill, Herbert Spencer. Positive Liberty is the real form of liberty. The main supporters of Positive Liberty are Kant, Fitche, T.H.Green, MacIver

6. Different Kinds of Liberty
Natural liberty
Individual liberty
Civil liberty
Political liberty
Economic liberty
National liberty
Religious liberty
Moral liberty

7. Safeguards of Liberty Democratic Government
Provision of Fundamental Rights
Independent Judiciary
Separation of Powers
Rule of Law
Decentralization of Power
Free Press and Healthy Public Opinion
Strong Party System
Economic Security