1. CHEMICAL BONDING NOTES
Turn to page 1 of your
CHEMICAL BONDING PACKET

2. Atoms & Chemical Bonding
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011

3. NOTES

4. Valence Electrons
Electrons in the outermost energy level are known as valence electrons.
Valence electrons are important because they are the only ones involved in chemical bonding.

5. Valence Electrons
Valence electrons can be gained, lost, or shared by atoms during chemical bonding.
This desire for a certain amount of valence electrons is what causes chemical reactions.

6. REMEMBER VALENCE ELECTRONS ARE ONLY THOSE IN THE OUTER ENERGY LEVEL
How many valence electrons in this atom?
REMEMBER VALENCE ELECTRONS ARE ONLY THOSE IN THE OUTER ENERGY LEVEL

7. How many valence electrons in this atom?1 2 4 6

8. How many valence electrons in this atom?9 7 3 2

9. How many valence electrons in this atom?1 2 4 88

10. How many valence electrons in this atom?1 2 4 88

11. Return your remote Turn in your COMPLETED TEST ANALYSIS
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011

12. Atoms & Chemical Bonding
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011

13. A.) You will be given a number of element cards.
In groups of 2, arrange the cards into some sense of order according to their properties

14. What do you think was the best way to organize the cards?
Element Cards
B.) Write down on paper, several ways your group was able to organize the cards based on their properties (QUESTIONS 1-3)
What do you think was the best way to organize the cards?

15. C. ) Organize your cards according to the periodic table
Element Cards
C. ) Organize your cards according to the periodic table
Answer questions 4-7

17. Element Cards D.) Return your cards to the plastic bag
E.) Return the plastic bag
F.) Turn to page 1 of your Chemical Bonding Packet

18. Review Questions Ready your remote
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011

19. How many valence electrons in this atom?1 2 4 6

20. How many valence electrons in this atom?1 2 4 12

21. How many valence electrons in this atom?1 2 4 20

22. How many valence electrons in this atom?1 2 4 38

24. CHEMICAL BONDING NOTES
Turn to page 1 of your
CHEMICAL BONDING PACKET
LEARNING TARGET:
I can predict patterns based on atomic properties of elements

25. Rows on the Periodic Table
Rows across the periodic table are known as periods.
Elements in the same row have the same number of energy levels.
This outer energy level is often referred to as the valence energy level or the valence shell.

27. Families on the Periodic Table
Elements in the same column of the periodic table are known as groups or families.
Elements in the same family have the same number of valence electrons.

29. Families & Properties
Since elements in the same family have the same number of valence electrons, they behave very similarly in a chemical reaction.
Therefore, atoms in the same family have very similar properties!!!

30. Return your remote Complete p. 6-7 of your packet
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011

31. Quick Review
Look back to your notes on Page 1 & 2

32. Rows on the Periodic Table
Rows across the periodic table are known as periods.
Elements in the same row have the same number of energy levels.
This outer energy level is often referred to as the valence energy level or the valence shell.

33. Families on the Periodic Table
Elements in the same column of the periodic table are known as groups or families.
Elements in the same family have the same number of valence electrons.

34. Families & Properties
Since elements in the same family have the same number of valence electrons, they behave very similarly in a chemical reaction.
Therefore, atoms in the same family have very similar properties!!!

35. Columns on the periodic table are called
Periods
Groups
Compounds
Bonding Reagents

36. What is true of elements in the same column of the periodic table?
Same first letter
Similar properties
Same number of protons as neutrons
Discovered in the same year

37. Rows on the periodic table are called
Groups
Compounds
Periods
Bonding reagents

38. How many valence electrons does bromine have(A# = 35) ?8 7 6 4

39. Using the Periodic Table
How to Determine the Number of Valence Electrons

40. How many valence electrons does phosphorus have(A# = 15) ?8 7 6 5

41. What is the valence energy level of strontium (A# = 38) ?
2nd
3rd
4th
5th

42. What is the valence shell of Mercury (A# = 80) ?
3rd
4th
5th
6th

43. What is the valence shell of calcium (A# = 20) ?
2nd
3rd
4th

44. How many valence electrons does calcium have(A# = 20) ?1 2 3 4

45. Atoms & Chemical Bonding
Created in 2008 by Tim F. Rowbotham,
Modified in 2011

46. Electron Dot Diagrams
Since only the valence electrons are involved in chemical bonding, chemists have a quicker, easier way to represent atoms when showing bonding called an electron dot diagram.

47. Electron Dot Diagrams
An electron dot diagram is simply the chemical symbol of an element with 1 dot for every valence electron it has.
This is also referred to as a Lewis dot structure.

48. Sample Dot Diagrams

49. JOURNAL # 1 Create electron dot diagrams for… Aluminum (A#13) Phosphorus (A#15) Bromine (A#35) Rubidium (A#37) Krypton (A#36) Strontium (A#38) Iron (A#26)

50. Learning Checks
Ready your Remotes

51. Rows on the periodic table are called
Groups
Compounds
Periods
Bonding reagents

52. What is true of elements in the same column of the periodic table?
Same first letter
Same # valence electrons & similar properties
Same number of protons as neutrons
Discovered in the same year

53. How many valence electrons does aluminum have(A# = 13) ?2 3 4 5

54. What is the valence shell of aluminum (A# = 13) ?
2nd
3rd
4th

55. Using the Periodic Table
Return Your Remote
Pick up & Complete Periodic Table WS
Complete PACKET p.8 “Properties of a Missing Element”

56. Using the Periodic Table
Valence Electrons, Lewis Dot Diagrams & Bohr Models

58. Get out a periodic table
Entrance Questions
Ready your Remotes
Get out a periodic table

59. Columns on the periodic table are called
Periods
Families
Compounds
Bonding Reagents

60. What is true of elements in the same column of the periodic table?
Same first letter
Same number of valence electrons
Same number of protons as neutrons
Same number of energy levels

61. How many valence electrons does chlorine have(A# = 17) ?8 7 6 17

62. Chlorine-37 would have how many neutrons? (A#17)20 37

63. How many valence electrons does phosphorus have (A# = 15) ?3 5 7

64. Classwork Assignments
Return your Remotes
Read Text pages (Chapter 5.2)
Complete Chap 5.2 Reading Organizer
Complete pages 9–12 of Chem Bonding Pack
Add to your FLipBook: Valence Electrons, Valence Shell, & Electron Dot Diagrams!!!

66. Get out a periodic table
Entrance Questions
Ready your Remotes
Get out a periodic table

67. What type of atom is shown to the right?
Chlorine-17
Oxygen-9
Oxygen-17
Fluorine-8

68. What is true of elements in the same column of the periodic table?
Same first letter
Similar properties & valence electrons
Same number of protons as neutrons
Discovered in the same year

69. How many valence electrons does magnesium have (A# = 12) ?5 12

70. How many energy levels does magnesium have (A# = 12) ?3 12

71. Assignments Return your Remotes Turn in Chap 5.2 Reading Organizer
Read Text pages (Chapter 5.3)
Complete Chap 5.3 Reading Organizer
(Answer Assessment Questions 1-10 on back)
Complete pages 9–16 of Chem Bonding Packet

73. QUICK REVIEW
How do you figure out “stuff” about atoms? 88 Sr 38

74. Family names
(Rare earth metals)

75. Periodic Table Quiz QUICK REVIEW
How do you figure out “stuff” about atoms?
Take out a periodic table & your FlipBook
Periodic Table Quiz

76. CHEMICAL BONDING NOTES
Turn to page 2 of your
CHEMICAL BONDING PACKET

77. Stable Atoms
Chemically stable atoms have 8 valence electrons (Octet Rule)
(Atoms with only 1 energy level can be stable with only 2 valence electrons)

78. Which of the following elements is naturally chemically stable?
Oxygen
Neon
Lithium
Carbon

79. Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Halogens Noble Gases
Which of the following families have elements that are chemically stable?
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Halogens
Noble Gases

80. Chemical Bonding
Atoms chemically bond or react to become stable atoms.
They can do this by gaining, losing, or sharing valence electrons.

81. Nerdy electrons? Return your remote
Make sure you have an Electron Shell Diagram

82. Nerdy electrons?
Use the nerds on the Energy Level Diagrams to represent electrons in the energy levels of the neutral atoms in the slides that follow:

83. Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine (A#9)

84. Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine – using the nerds to represent electrons, show the proper location of fluorine’s 9 electrons in its energy levels

85. Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine (A#9)

86. Fluorine: What change would make it chemically stable?
Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine: What change would make it chemically stable?

87. Fluorine: Adding 1 more valence electron would give it a stable 8 !!!
Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine: Adding 1 more valence electron would give it a stable 8 !!! --

88. Fluorine: What effect does this have on the fluorine atom?
Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine: What effect does this have on the fluorine atom? --

89. It is now chemically stable!!!
Nerdy electrons?
Fluorine:
NOW HAS A CHARGE OF -1
It is now chemically stable!!! --

90. Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur (A#16)

91. Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur – using the nerds to represent electrons, show the proper location of sulfur’s 16 electrons in its energy levels

92. Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur (A#16)

93. Sulfur: What change would make it chemically stable?
Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur: What change would make it chemically stable?

94. Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur: Adding 2 more valence electrons would give it a chemically stable 8 !!! -- --

95. Sulfur: What effect does this have on the sulfur atom?
Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur: What effect does this have on the sulfur atom? -- --

96. IT NOW HAS A CHARGE OF -2 It is now chemically stable!!!
Nerdy electrons?
Sulfur:
IT NOW HAS A CHARGE OF -2 It is now chemically stable!!! -- --

97. Nerdy electrons?
Sodium (A#11)

98. Nerdy electrons?
Sodium – using the nerds to represent electrons, show the proper location of sodium’s 11 electrons in its energy levels

99. Nerdy electrons?
Sodium (A#11)

100. Sodium: What change would make it chemically stable?
Nerdy electrons?
Sodium: What change would make it chemically stable?

101. Nerdy electrons?
Sodium: Adding 7 more valence electrons would give it a chemically stable 8 !!! --

102. Sodium: But… is there an easier way?
Nerdy electrons?
Sodium: But… is there an easier way? --

103. Nerdy electrons?
Sodium: Take a look again. Is there a different way to get 8 valence electrons?

104. Nerdy electrons? Sodium:
Losing 1 electron would leave 0 in the 3rd energy level, making the 2nd energy level the valence shell… which would now have a chemically stable 8!!!

105. It is chemically stable.
Nerdy electrons?
Sodium:
NOW HAS A CHARGE OF +1!!!
It is chemically stable.

106. Nerdy electrons?
Other examples:

107. Nerdy electrons?
Magnesium (Construct if you have pink nerds) Oxygen (Construct if you have purple nerds)

108. Nerdy electrons?
So… where do atoms pick up extra electrons?

109. Nerdy electrons? -- --

110. Nerdy electrons?
From other atoms that want to lose them!!!

111. STABLE ATOMS Go ahead & eat your Nerds Complete Reading Organizers
Finish Packet pages 6-16

112. Entrance Questions
Ready your Remotes

113. Oxygen-17 would have how many neutrons? (A#8)9 8

114. Which of the following elements has 6 valence electrons?
Oxygen (A# 8)
Neon (A# 10)
Lithium (A# 3)
Carbon (A# 6)

115. Ions
When an atom gains or loses electrons to become stable, it is called an ion.
An ion is a charged atom. 

116. Positive Ions Atoms that lose electrons become positively charged.
These positive ions are called cations.

117. Negative Ions Atoms that gain electrons become negatively charged.
Negative ions are called anions.

118. Ionic Bonding
Atoms looking to be stable may transfer electrons to other atoms.
Each atom becomes charged, and positive ions are then attracted to negative ions.

119. Ionic Compounds
The attraction of positive ions to negative ions is called an ionic bond.
Atoms that bond this way are called ionic compounds.

121. Ionic Compounds Here’s how it happens: Ionic Bond Video Clip 1

122. Ionic Bonding

123. Learning Checks
Ready your Remotes

124. Atoms that gain or lose electrons in order to become more chemically stable are called
Isotopes
Ions
Radioactive
Neutral

125. What would a chlorine atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 17)
Gain 1 electron
Lose 1 electron
Gain 2 electrons
Lose 7 electrons

126. What would an iodine atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 53)
Gain 1 electron
Lose 1 electron
Gain 2 electrons
Lose 7 electrons

127. Learning Checks Return your Remote Turn to Page 20 “Ionic Bonding”
(WE’LL COMPLETE p AS A CLASS)
Complete PACK pages Ionic Bonds
Complete PACK p.19 “Changing an Atom”

128. Learning Checks
Ready your Remotes

129. Stable atoms (mostly) have how many valence electrons?1 4 8 20

130. How many valence electrons does rubidium have(A# = 37) ?1 2 7 37

131. What would a rubidium atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 37)
Gain 1 electron
Lose 1 electron
Gain 2 electrons
Lose 3 electrons

132. How many valence electrons does selenium have(A# = 34) ?1 2 6 34

133. What would a selenium atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 37)
Gain 1 electron
Lose 1 electron
Gain 2 electrons
Lose 3 electrons

134. ASSIGNMENTS Watch Atom Family Project Intro
Sign up for a group (MAX 4)
Each group assigned a family
Each group member selects a different element to research
COMPLETE READING ORGANIZERS
& PACKET PAGES 6-21!!!

135. Family names
(Rare earth metals)

136. Learning Checks
Ready your Remotes

137. Stable atoms have how many valence electrons?1 4 8 20

138. How many valence electrons does potassium have(A# = 19) ?2 7 19

139. What would a potassium atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 19)
Gain 1 electron
Lose 1 electron
Gain 2 electrons
Lose 3 electrons

140. Learning Checks
Return your Remotes

141. Learning Checks
Ready your Remotes

142. How many valence electrons does sulfur have(A# = 16) ?8 7 6 4

143. What would a sulfur atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 16)
Gain 2 electrons
Lose 2 electrons
Gain 3 electrons
Lose 3 electrons

144. Line up with all supplies by the lockers
Learning Checks
Return your Remotes
Line up with all supplies by the lockers

145. Draw electron dot diagrams of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, & Iodine
JOURNAL#2
Draw electron dot diagrams of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, & Iodine
(THE HALOGENS)
CHAP 4 Resources (if you need help)
p Ionic Bonding

146. Learning Checks
Ready your Remotes

147. Stable atoms have how many valence electrons?1 4 8 20

148. Atoms that gain or lose electrons in order to become more chemically stable are called
Isotopes
Ions
Radioactive
Neutral

149. Video Clip Review if necessary???
Valence electrons 2:46

150. Turn to page 3 of your packet
Oxidation Numbers
Turn to page 3 of your packet

151. Oxidation Number
The oxidation number is essentially the bonding power of an atom.
The oxidation number of an atom is the charge that it will tend to acquire when bonding.

152. Oxidation Number
A positive oxidation number means that an atom will lose electrons when forming an ionic bond.
A negative oxidation number means that it will gain electrons.

153. Sample Oxidation Numbers
Chlorine: - 1
Sodium: +1
Calcium: +2
Sulfur: - 2
Aluminum: +3

154. Oxidation Numbers

155. Oxidation Numbers

156. Oxidation Numbers

157. Learning Checks
Ready your Remote

158. How many valence electrons does phosphorus have(A# = 15) ?7 6 5 4

159. What would a phosphorus atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 15)
Gain 2 electrons
Lose 2 electrons
Gain 3 electrons
Lose 3 electrons

160. What is the oxidation number of phosphorus? (A# = 15)+1 -1 -2 -3

161. Learning Checks
Return your Remote

162. Learning Checks
Ready your Remote

163. What is the oxidation number of nitrogen? (A# = 7)+1 -1 -2 -3

164. Oxidation Numbers

165. What is the oxidation number of chlorine? (A# = 17)+1 -1 -2 -3

166. Oxidation Numbers

167. What is the oxidation number of magnesium? (A# = 12)+1 +2 -2 -1

168. Oxidation Numbers

169. Participant Scores 3 Participant 1 Participant 5 Participant 4

170. Return your Remote Line up by the lockers
Learning Checks
Return your Remote
Line up by the lockers

171. Entrance Questions
Ready your remote

172. How many valence electrons does an arsenic atom have? (A# = 33)1 3 5 7

173. Oxidation Numbers

174. What is the oxidation number of arsenic? (A# = 33)+1 +2 -3 -2

175. Oxidation Numbers

176. How many energy levels does an arsenic atom have? (A# = 33)5 2 3 4

177. Oxidation Numbers

178. Return your remote & pick up a copy of the “Showing Ionic Bonding” WS
Entrance Questions
Return your remote & pick up a copy of the “Showing Ionic Bonding” WS
Showing Ionic Bonding Examples

179. Return your remote & pick up a copy of the “Showing Ionic Bonding” WS
Entrance Questions
Return your remote & pick up a copy of the “Showing Ionic Bonding” WS
Showing Ionic Bonding Examples

180. Take out your copy of the “Showing Ionic Bonding” WS
Entrance Questions
Take out your copy of the “Showing Ionic Bonding” WS
Showing Ionic Bonding Examples

181. What is the oxidation number of strontium? (A# = 38)+1 +2 -1 -2

182. Oxidation Numbers

183. What is the oxidation number of oxygen?+1 +2 -1 -2

184. Oxidation Numbers

185. What would be the chemical formula of strontium oxide?
Sr2O
SrO
Sr2O2
Sr2O3

186. Line up by the lockers with all supplies
Entrance Questions
Return your remote
Line up by the lockers with all supplies

187. Get ready to consult your periodic table!! 
Learning Checks
Ready your Remote
Get ready to consult your periodic table!! 

188. Oxidation Numbers
usually +2, but varies

189. What is the oxidation number of calcium (A#20)?+1 +2 -1 -2

190. Oxidation Numbers
usually +2, but varies

191. What is the oxidation number of fluorine (A#9)?+1 +2 -1 -2

192. Oxidation Numbers
usually +2, but varies

193. What is the oxidation number of sodium (A#11)?+1 +2 -1 -2

194. Oxidation Numbers
usually +2, but varies

195. What is the oxidation number of phosphorus (A#15)?+1 +2 +3
- 3

196. Oxidation Numbers
usually +2, but varies

197. What would be the chemical formula of calcium phosphide?
Ca3P
CaP
Ca3P2
Ca2P3

198. Sample Video
The Noble Gas Song 3:28

199. Line up by the lockers with all supplies
Entrance Questions
Return your remote
HOMEWORK PACKET p.22
Line up by the lockers with all supplies

200. Get ready to consult your periodic table!! 
Learning Checks
Ready your Remote
Get ready to consult your periodic table!! 

201. What is the oxidation number of magnesium (A#12)?+1 +2 -1 -2

202. Oxidation Numbers
usually +2, but varies

203. What would be the chemical formula of calcium sulfide?
Ca3S
CaS
Ca3S2
Ca2S3

204. Oxidation Numbers
usually +2, but varies

205. What would be the chemical formula of magnesium phosphide?
Mg3P
MgP
Mg3P2
Mg2P3

206. Oxidation Numbers
usually +2, but varies

207. Bring all supplies to lab Complete PACKET PAGES 6-22
Entrance Questions
Return your Remote
Bring all supplies to lab
Complete PACKET PAGES 6-22

208. Get ready to consult your periodic table!! 
Learning Checks
Ready your Remote
Get ready to consult your periodic table!! 

209. What is the oxidation number of chlorine (A#17)?+1 +2 -1 -2

210. Oxidation Numbers
usually +2, but varies

211. JOURNAL#3 Strontium chloride Sodium oxide Calcium fluoride
Show the use of oxidation numbers or electron dot diagrams to show the chemical formulas for these ionic compounds:
Strontium chloride
Sodium oxide
Calcium fluoride
Aluminum oxide

212. Complete the Periodic Table Perspectives WS
Learning Checks
Return your Remote
Complete the Periodic Table Perspectives WS
Complete Atom Family Video Project

213. Learning Checks
Ready your Remote

214. What makes an atom chemically stable?
Having 8 valence electrons
Having same number of protons as neutrons
Having a Mass # less its than Atomic #
Having an even Mass #

215. Gain or lose electrons Share electrons Gain & lose protons
What do atoms involved in an ionic bond do in order to become chemically stable?
Gain or lose electrons
Share electrons
Gain & lose protons
Share energy levels

216. TURN TO PAGE 4 OF YOUR CHEMICAL BONDING NOTES!!
Ionic Bonding (is what we’ve been studying) & Covalent Bonding (is what we learn today)
SUPER BRIEF QUICK VIDEO LESSON
Ionic Bonding with Ralph & Nora
TURN TO PAGE 4 OF YOUR CHEMICAL BONDING NOTES!!

217. Covalent Bonding
When atoms share electrons to become stable, it is called a covalent bond.
Covalently bonded atoms are called molecules.

218. Sample Molecule
Hydrogen Fluoride
Before After  HF

219. Sample Molecule
Ammonia
Before After  NH3

220. Sample Molecule
Oxygen (diatomic molecule)
Before After  O2

221. What do atoms involved in a covalent bond do in order to become stable?
Gain or lose electrons
Share electrons
Gain & lose protons
Share energy levels

222. What do atoms involved in an ionic bond do to become chemically stable?
Share electrons
Gain & lose protons
Share energy levels
Gain or lose electrons

223. Chemical Bonding
SUPER BRIEF QUICK VIDEO REVIEW

224. Read & complete packet pages23-24 “Covalent Bonds”
Learning Checks
Return your Remote
Read & complete packet pages23-24 “Covalent Bonds”
TURN in Atom Family Video Project
(BRING FLASH DRIVE WITH COMPLETED VIDEO TO MY COMPUTER)
Name File: Per # - Family Name
Example: 1 Noble Gases

225. Learning Checks
Ready your Remote

226. What do atoms involved in an ionic bond do to become chemically stable?
Share electrons
Gain & lose protons
Share energy levels
Gain or lose electrons

227. What do atoms involved in a covalent bond do in order to become stable?
Gain or lose electrons
Share electrons
Gain & lose protons
Share energy levels

228. Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are covalently bonded atoms that still hold a positive or negative charge.
Sometimes called radicals, these molecules act as one and can form ionic compounds.

229. Common Polyatomic Ions
Ammonium NH4+1
Acetate C2H3O2-1
Hydroxide OH-1
Nitrate NO3-1
Carbonate CO3-2

230. Molecule Isotopes Polyatomic ion Transition metal
What is a group of atoms called that is sharing electrons, but then will still gain or lose an electron (or more)?
Molecule
Isotopes
Polyatomic ion
Transition metal

231. Learning Checks Return your Remote Turn to PACKET page 25
“Bonding Basics – Covalent Bonds”
WE’LL DO SOME TOGETHER
When finished, complete page 27 “Showing Covalent Bonds”
Make sure FlipBook is complete

232. Learning Checks TURN in Atom Family Video Project
(BRING FLASH DRIVE WITH COMPLETED VIDEO TO MY COMPUTER)
Name File: Per # - Family Name
Example: 1 Noble Gases

233. JOURNAL#4
Describe in your own words (possibly via a diagram) the differences & similarities between covalent & ionic bonding.

234. Learning Checks
Ready your Remote

235. What would a calcium atom do to become chemically stable? (A# = 20)
Gain 1 electron
Lose 1 electron
Lose 2 electrons
Gain 2 electrons

236. In a chemical reaction, what would an oxygen atom do?
Gain 1 electron
Lose 1 electron
Gain 2 electrons
Lose 2 electrons

237. Learning Checks
Return your Remote
Grab a bag of element cards & a “Properties of Families” Sheet & a “Making Molecules Sheet”

238. JOURNAL#5
Pick 3 atoms on the Periodic Table & share how and why they are similar.

239. Learning Checks
Ready your Remote

240. What do atoms involved in an ionic bond do to become chemically stable?
Share electrons
Gain & lose protons
Share energy levels
Gain or lose electrons

241. What do atoms involved in a covalent bond do in order to become stable?
Gain or lose electrons
Share electrons
Gain & lose protons
Share energy levels

242. Turn to page 5 of your packet
Learning Checks
Turn to page 5 of your packet
Get out your Properties of Families Paper

243. Law of Conservation of Matter
The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Matter can just change from one form to another.

244. Law of Conservation of Matter
The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products of a chemical reaction.
The number of atoms before a chemical reaction is the same as the number after a chemical reaction.

245. Law of Conservation of Matter
REACTANTS PRODUCTS

246. Law of Conservation of Matter
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
4 H H
2 O O
BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION:
2 H O2  H2O

247. Law of Conservation of Matter
REACTANTS PRODUCTS

248. Law of Conservation of Matter
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
TOTAL ATOMS TOTAL ATOMS
2 H H
2 Cl Cl
BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION: H2 + Cl2  2 HCl
TOTAL MASS:
2 (1.0g) + 2 (35.5 g) = 2 (36.5 g)
73. 0 g = g

249. The Law of Conservation of Matter
BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION:
Na2SO4+ Ca Cl2  CaSO4+ 2 NaCl

250. The Law of Conservation of Matter

251. Law of Conservation of Matter
Video 1
Homer & Conservation of Mass 2
Antoine Lavoisier's Discovery 3

252. 30 grams 20 grams 25 grams 50 grams
30 grams of aluminum react with 20 grams of oxygen. What mass of aluminum oxide forms?
30 grams
20 grams
25 grams
50 grams

253. What coefficient should go in front of the H2 to properly balance this equation? 2 H2O  ? H2 + O21 2 3 4

254. Learning Checks
Return your remote
Complete page 29 of your Chemical Bonding Packet “Conservation of Matter”

255. CaCl2 + Na2S  CaS + 2 NaCl Journal # 6
Write down the following chemical equation. Share in your journal whether or not itis a balanced chemical equation. Clarify why it is or is not!!
CaCl2 + Na2S  CaS + 2 NaCl

256. Turn to page 29 of your packet
Learning Checks
Turn to page 29 of your packet

257. Learning Checks
Ready your Remote

258. Columns on the periodic table are called
Periods
Families
Compounds
Bonding Reagents

259. What is true of elements in the same column of the periodic table?
Same first letter
Same # valence electrons & similar properties
Same number of protons as neutrons
Same number of energy levels

260. Take out your “Properties of Families” Sheet
Learning Checks
Return your Remote
Prepare for a video
Take out your “Properties of Families” Sheet

261. The Periodic Table Families
Some images are from
2008

262. Families on the Periodic Table
Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in the same family
all react similarly because
they have the same #
of valence electrons

263. ALKALI METALS Group 1 HYDROGEN is not a member, it is a non-metal !!
Do not occur alone in nature
1 valence electron
Form +1 ions
DO NOT FORM COVALENT BONDS
Soft and silvery metals
Very reactive, esp. with water VIDEO
Low densities
Low melting points
High thermal conductivities
High electrical conductivities
Ductile & malleable
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264. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 Do not occur alone in nature
2 electrons in valence shell
Form +2 ions
WILL NOT BOND COVALENTLY
White and malleable
Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
High electrical conductivity
High thermal conductivity
Ductile & malleable

265. TRANSITION METALS The elements in the middle!!
Most commonly contain 2 valence electrons
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Usually harder, but more brittle
Have high melting points
Have high boiling points
Malleable & ductile
Tend to have more than one oxidation number (like +1 or +2)
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
Will not form covalent bonds

266. BORON FAMILY Group 3 3 electrons in the outer energy level
Form +3 ions
Do not occur alone in nature
Most are metals
Boron is a metalloid
Usually softer (except boron)
Low melting point (except boron)
Will not form covalent bonds

267. CARBON FAMILY
Group 4
Elements share the least similarities (Most dysfunctional family)
Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)
4 valence electrons
Can form +4 ions & -4 ions, but most commonly form covalent bonds
Relatively unreactive

268. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5 5 valence electrons
Most commonly form covalent bonds
Can form -3 ions
Can rarely form +5 ions
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
Except for nitrogen (gas), all are solids

269. OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6 6 valence electrons Form -2 ions
Often form covalent bonds
Contains 1metal, 2 metalloids, and 3 non-metals
Very Reactive
If found elementally in nature, they form diatomic or polyatomic molecules (ex: O2 or O3)

270. Halogens Group 7 7 valence electrons Usually form +1 ions
Can covalently bond
All are non-metals
Very reactive are often bonded with alkali metals
Never found alone in nature

271. Noble Gases Group 8 Exist as gases Non-metals
8 valence electrons (so are stable)
Helium has only 2 electrons (but is stable with 1 energy level)
Not reactive with other elements

272. Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive
The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
High electrical conductivities
High thermal conductivities
High densities
High melting points
High boiling points

273. So… the point is…. Using the periodic table…
Atoms in the same family have similar properties!!

274. Learning Checks
Return your remote
Complete page of your Chemical Bonding Packet “Balanced Chemical Equations”

275. Extra Video Clips
Element Rap 3:00
The Noble Gas Song 3:28
The Noble Gas Rap 2:50

276. Extra Video Clips
Families of the Periodic Table 14:42
Groups of Elements on the Periodic Table 7:26

277. Extra Video Clips
Sodium & Potassium in Water 0:53
The Halogens 3:40
Meet the Nonmetal Family 3:06
The Boron Family 2:00

278. Extra Video Clips
The Bonding Song 4:19

279. Bibliography
Bohr Models from