1. STATES OF
MATTER

2. The Four States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

3. STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles

4. Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

5. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

6. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

7. STATES OF MATTER GAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Heat

8. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

9. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

10. You are seeing small droplets of water in the condensed phase
Are clouds a solid, liquid, or gas? When you see steam, fog, or clouds, you are seeing water in a liquid state.
You are seeing small droplets of water in the condensed phase
Condensation is by definition the change of state from a gas to a liquid.
Water vapor itself is transparent. So clouds aren't water vapor, though they're obviously made primarily from condensed water vapor.

11. What's the Difference Between Steam and Water Vapor?

12. Steam
steam at 1 atmospheric pressure is defined to be water at a temperature of 100 degrees celsius or more. It is an invisible gas, and contains a large latent energy which is released when the steam condenses into droplets. It is highly dangerous, since its high energy content can scald very effectively per unit mass.

13. Water Vapor
 Water vapor is water in its gaseous state-instead of liquid or solid (ice). Water vapor is totally invisible. ... Water vapor is also the Earth's most important greenhouse gas, accounting for about 90% of the Earth's natural greenhouse effect, which helps keep the Earth warm enough to support life.

14. Mist/Fog
Mist/Fog, on the other hand, is a harmless droplet state with only marginally more energy than bulk water. The extra energy is all due to the surface tension of the droplet formed, and is orders of magnitude smaller than the latent heat required to boil water. To make a mist or a fog, you can charge water electrically, and the electric repulsion will form droplets for you.

15. Humidity
Humidity is water dissolved in air, and it is a different issue. Air will come to statistical equilibrium with liquid water when it has a certain water content, defined as 100% humidity. At any lower level, water will evaporate into the air, and at any higher level, water will spontaneously condense into droplets in the air.

16. How does ice and water not fall to the ground
They do fall, but slowly enough that just a 1 or 2 MPH updraft is sufficient to keep a cloud aloft (thermal Brownian motion). They fall quite slowly, like the speed of a feather, and it's not hard to keep a feather in the air with a little wind below it.

17. Will everything just be a gas?
But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?

18. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Plasma is the
common state
of matter

19. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

20. Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

21. 2. Lightning

22. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

23. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

25. COLD PLASMA

26. COLD PLASMA PEN