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Imaging and angiography in male factor infertility
Michael Jurewicz, M.D., Bruce R. Gilbert, M.D., Ph.D. Fertility and Sterility Volume 105, Issue 6, Pages (June 2016) DOI: /j.fertnstert Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Bilateral varicocele. (A) Doppler color flow study of dilated veins superior to the testis. (B) Doppler color flow study showing bilateral varicoceles. Note that the inner diameter of the varicocele is best measured on a gray scale (B-mode) image (5). Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Retrograde venography of left gonadal vein. Note embolization coils indicated by small solid arrow in inguinal canal and vascular plug indicated by dashed arrow more cephalad (39). Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 3 Spectral color Doppler of intratesticular vessels with an elevated resistive index in a patient presenting with oligioasthenoteratozoospermia (5). Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 4 Real-time elastography images demonstrates elasiticity in men with (A) normal sperm concentration, (B) azoospermia (5). Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 5 (A) Power Doppler showing vessels in the upper third of testis. (B) Power Doppler showing a vessel in the upper third of testis. (C) Power Doppler with spectral analysis of an artery in lower third of testis. (D) Power Doppler with spectral analysis of an artery in middle third of testis (53). Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 6 Ultrasound showing hypoechoic congenital adrenal rests of bilateral testicles (arrows) (5). Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 7 Multiple bilateral microcalcifications of the testis are seen without acoustic shadowing (5). Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 8 Power Doppler ultrasound was used by Eytan et al. (53) to reconstruct a three-dimensional representation of the testis. Areas of increased vascularity on power Doppler ultrasound correlated with areas that spermatozoa were most likely to be found. Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 9 Development of the early excretory system. Regression of the pronephros (A) and mesonephros (B) with the development of the metanephric system. (Modified from Moore et al. [16].) Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 10 Transrectal ultrasound-guided seminal vesiculography. Arrow indicates contrast in patent vas deferens. SV = seminal vesicle; UB = urinary bladder (80). Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Figure 11 Large pituitary marcoadenoma on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (13). Fertility and Sterility , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert ) Copyright © 2016 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions
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