1. A Project Overview

2. Faculty of Engineering Prof. Alison McKay Prof. David Hogg Prof. Alan de Pennington Dr. Hau Hing Chau Dr. Iestyn Jowers Department of Design and Innovation Prof. Christopher Earl Dr. Steven Garner Dr. Miquel Prats Department of Architecture Dr. Scott Chase Dr. Sungwoo Lim Funded by Designing for the 21st Century Initiative

3. 1. What were our aims and objectives? 2. What progress did we make? 3. Where next? Presentation Overview

4. … we anticipate three intertwined cycles The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes The designer designing shapes Communication between the two The Vision

5. How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes? What similarities and differences in approach can be observed? In shape grammar-based systems, can computer vision techniques be used to resolve the sub-shape detection problem? How might the ability to compute shapes enhance the act of designing itself? Research Questions

6. 1. What were our aims and objectives? 2. What progress did we make? 3. Where next? Presentation Overview

7. … we anticipate three intertwined cycles The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes The designer designing shapes Communication between the two The Vision

8. How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes? What similarities and differences in approach can be observed? In shape grammar-based systems, can computer vision techniques be used to resolve the sub-shape detection problem? How might the ability to compute shapes enhance the act of designing itself? Research Questions

9. 8 industrial designers and 6 architects participated participants undertook three tasks Learn about segmentation Task 1 3 minutes each Task 2 Learn about (re)interpretation Industrial designers: Lemon squeezer Architects: Building 10 minutes Task 3 Industrial designers: Kettle Architects: Building Learn about design networks 14 minutes How do designers design shapes?

10. The actions of the participants were video recorded and their pen strokes were captured using a tablet input device At the end of the tasks participants were asked to elaborate on the interpretations and manipulations of their sketches How do designers design shapes?

11. Interpreted as a component of the lemon squeezer Interpreted as side view Interpreted as top view A majority of participants had more than one interpretation of the initial design during the design process Initial design

12. Capture shape transformations via shape rules How do designers design shapes?

14. Classification of general shape rules How do designers design shapes?

15. Frequency of use of general shape rules Capture shape transformations in sketches via general shape rules How do designers design shapes?

16. … we anticipate three intertwined cycles The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes The designer designing shapes The Vision

17. Different interpretations of a shape: Formalised and manipulated by shape rules: e.g. How can computers generate shapes?

18. …which can generate networks of shapes A set of shape rules defines a shape grammar… e.g. How can computers generate shapes?

19. Shape grammars can be used to define and explore designs: Palladian Grammar Generates villa plans in the style of Andrea Palladio (Stiny and Mitchell 1978) Buick Grammar Generates car front ends in the Buick style (McCormack et al. 2004) How can computers generate shapes?

20. Implementation of shape grammars depends on a system that can automatically detect sub-shapes under transformation Previous approaches to sub-shape detection have relied on analytical methods with limited applicability How can all perceived sub-shapes be represented in a shape? How can computers generate shapes?

21. How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes? What similarities and differences in approach can be observed? In shape grammar-based systems, can computer vision techniques be used to resolve the sub-shape detection problem? How might the ability to compute shapes enhance the act of designing itself? Research Questions

22. LARGE DISTANCESMALL DISTANCE Using techniques from computer vision enables a shape synthesis system to see the sub-shapes in a design This allows for a more robust approach In practice it involves measuring the distance between point sets How can computers generate shapes? e.g. isa sub-shape of NO DISTANCE SUB-SHAPE

23. Find this shape… …replace with this shape How can computers generate shapes? A shape synthesis system:

24. How can computers generate shapes?

25. Find this shape… Design …replace with this shape How can computers generate shapes?

26. How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes? What similarities and differences in approach can be observed? In shape grammar-based systems, can computer vision techniques be used to resolve the sub-shape detection problem? How might the ability to compute shapes enhance the act of designing itself? Research Questions

27. … we anticipate three intertwined cycles The Shape Synthesis System generating shapes Communication between the two The Vision The designer designing shapes

28. … we anticipate three intertwined cycles The Vision Designer sketches Desig ned shape s System identifies shapes System applies rules and generates new shapes System produces shape networks Gene rated shape s Designer works from available shapes Designer identifies shapes Identify shape rules

29. 1. What were our aims and objectives? 2. What progress did we make? 3. Where next? Presentation Overview

30. Visit the project website www.engineering.leeds.ac.uk/dssg for project information publications list video demo software download contact details For more information…

31. How do designers, across a range of disciplines, generate shapes? What similarities and differences in approach can be observed? In shape grammar-based systems, can computer vision techniques be used to resolve the sub-shape detection problem? How might the ability to compute shapes enhance the act of designing itself? Summary