1. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
Current Energy Status in Taiwan
葉宗洸 （Tsung-Kuang Yeh）
Dept. of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University
Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science , National Tsing Hua University
Hsinchu, Taiwan
Energy Seminar
NCKU, Tainan
April 9, 2018

2. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
OUTLINE
Foreword
Current Status of Licensed Nuclear Power Plants
Mothballed Units and Nuclear Share in Electricity
Energy Security
Statistics in 2016
Conclusions

3. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
1. Foreword（1/9）
The Magic Number of 2025!
A nuclear-free homeland by 2025
Increase in electricity generation by renewable energy from 5% in to 20% by 2025
Electricity shares of
50% by natural gas,
30% by coal, and
20% by renewables
by 2025
Photo Source:

4. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
1. Foreword（2/9）
The Cruel Facts in 2017 (1/4)
Serious electricity shortage with <6% reserved capacity island wide
A massive power blackout in August
Serious air pollution  forced power reduction in coal-fire plants
Electricity shares by nuclear down from 19% to 9.3% in 3 years
Photo Source:

5. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
1. Foreword（3/9）
The Cruel Facts in 2017 (2/4)
Record-high electricity demand  bn kW-hr, a 5.3 bn kW-hr increase from 2016
A costly decision to follow the footstep of Germany  5% to 20% renewables in 12 yrs in Germany; 5% to 20% in 8 yrs from 2018 to 2025 in Taiwan
Photo Source:

6. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
1. Foreword（4/9）
The Cruel Facts in 2017 (3/4)
Source: 台灣電力公司

7. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
1. Foreword（5/9）
The Cruel Facts in 2017 (4/4)

8. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
1. Foreword（6/9）

9. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
1. Foreword（7/9）

10. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
1. Foreword（8/9）

11. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
1. Foreword（9/9）
The largest coal-fired plant is located in Taichung, Taiwan with a total installed capacity of 5,780 MW.
Source:

12. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
Current Status of Licensed Nuclear
Power Plants（1/5）
Chinshan
Kuosheng
Maanshan
*Adapted from Taipower Website at

13. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
Current Status of Licensed Nuclear
Power Plants（2/5）
Info on Six Licensed Units
Licensed Unit
Type
Current Condition
/Scheduled Decommissioning
Rated Power
Chinshan #1
BWR
Shutdown/December 2018
636 MWe
Chinshan #2
Shutdown/July 2019
Kuosheng #1
Operating/December 2022
985 MWe
Kuosheng #2
Shutdown/March 2023
Maanshan #1
PWR
Operating/July 2024
951 MWe
Maanshan #2
Operating/May 2025
This is where the magic number of 2025 comes from!

14. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
Current Status of Licensed Nuclear
Power Plants（3/5）
Info on Six Licensed Units
Licensed Unit
Type
Current Condition
/Scheduled Decommissioning
Rated Power
Chinshan #1
BWR
Shutdown/December 2018
636 MWe
Since December of 2014 after a planned routine outage, followed by an accident of broken connecting bolt on the water channel of a fuel assembly
No plan to restart the unit in the near future

15. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
Current Status of Licensed Nuclear
Power Plants（4/5）
Info on Six Licensed Units
Licensed Unit
Type
Current Condition
/Scheduled Decommissioning
Rated Power
Chinshan #2
BWR
Shutdown/July 2019
636 MWe
Since June of 2017 because the spent fuel pool is fully loaded, the spent fuel cannot be discharged from the core, and the interim dry-storage facility has not been able to obtain the operation license
Will be restarted if the operation license is granted

16. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
Current Status of Licensed Nuclear
Power Plants（5/5）
Info on Six Licensed Units
Licensed Unit
Type
Current Condition
/Scheduled Decommissioning
Rated Power
Kuosheng #2
BWR
Shutdown/March 2023
985 MWe
Since May of 2016 after a planned routine outage, followed by an explosion of a transformer due to a short-circuit problem
No plan to restart the unit in the near future

17. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
Mothballed Units and
Nuclear Share in Electricity （1/1）
Units at Lungmen under Construction
Nuclear Share in Electricity

18. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
4. Energy Security（1/3）
Reserved electricity capacity in Taiwan decreasing continuously year by year
Reserved Capacity %
Projected Reserved Capacity
Proj. Res. Cap.
Possible Power Shortage
Power Rationing at 7.4%
4th NPP
No 4th NPP

19. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
4. Energy Security（2/3）
A comparison among nuclear fuel, coal, and natural gas in reserved quantity
Reserved Quantity (Month)
Nuclear Fuel Coal Natural Gas
18 Months
36 Days
7 Days in Summer
One fresh batch of nuclear fuel could provide 18-month electricity.
Reserved Quantity of Various Energy Sources in Taiwan

20. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
4. Energy Security（3/3）
98% imported energy, in lack of natural resources
Independent power grid
Insufficient base loads, leading to a higher risk of power outage
Increased instability in power supply with an increased electricity share of renewables
Photo Source:

21. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
5. Statistics in 2016（1/3）
Sources
Installed Capacity (MW)
Capacity Factor
Electricity Produced (Billion kWh)
Share
Coal
11,497
88.6%
89.23
39.5%
Natural Gas
15,245
60.8%
81.18
36.0%
Oil
3,323
34.5%
10.03
4.4%
Nuclear
5,144
67.6%
30.46
13.5%
Wind
678
24.4%
1.45
0.6%
Solar
931
13.1%
1.07
0.5%
Hydro
2,089
35.7%
6.54
2.9%
Biomass
623
46.7%
2.55
1.1%
Pump & Storage
2,602
14.4%
3.28
1.5%
Geothermal
Total
42,132
225.79
100.0%

22. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
5. Statistics in 2016（2/3）
Sources
2016
(Billion kWh)
Projected in 2025
Fossil
180.44
210.0
Nuclear
30.46
Wind*
1.45
*14.0
Solar*
1.07
*25.0
Hydro
6.54
4.8
Biomass
2.55
5.9
Pump & Storage
3.28
3.1
Geothermal
1.3
Total
225.79
264.1
Estimated Demand in 2025
(with a 2% Annual Increment)
269.8
* Cannot act as baseloads in the absence of large storage systems.

23. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
5. Statistics in 2016（3/3）
Projected Development of Renewable Energy
Electricity Share: 4.9% in 2017 to 20% in 2025
Sources
New Energy Policy
Solar
Installed capacity from 842 MW to 20,000 MW, with 15% of roof top area and 4% of contaminated and geologically unstable (sinking) land nationwide
On-shore Wind
Installed capacity from 647 MW to 1,200 MW
Off-shore Wind
Installed capacity from 0 MW to 5,500 MW
Hydro
Installed capacity from 2,089 MW to 2,150 MW
Biomass
Installed capacity from 741 MW to 813 MW
Geothermal
Installed capacity from 0 W to 200 MW

24. National Tsing-Hua University
Department of Engineering and System Science
National Tsing-Hua University
6. Conclusions（1/1）
After the Fukushima nuclear accident, a lot of lessons have been learned, and they have been used to strengthen the safety of existing nuclear reactors in Taiwan.
Before the complete and sound development of renewable energy, nuclear energy is an effective solution to energy security and air pollution problems in Taiwan.
For the sustainability of a truly green society, the people and the government in Taiwan need to “choose wisely.”
Photo Source:

25. National Tsing-Hua University Thank You for Your Attention
Acknowledgement
The author gratefully acknowledges the support from Taiwan Power Company for providing the plant and electricity data.
Thank You for Your Attention
The Electrochemistry Lab, Department of Engineering and System Science