1. The theory that species change over time.
Evolution
The theory that species change over time.

2. Evolution: An introduction
Evolution: change in the characteristics of a population from one generation to the next.
What causes evolution to occur?
Is evolution necessary for living things to survive?
Are living things evolving today?

3. Evolution of the Motorcycle

4. Evolution Introduction Activity
Come up with an example of something non-living that has evolved.
Describe:
the changes it has undergone
Include a timeline
the circumstances responsible for the changes and/or the benefits of the changes
Draw, print, paste your item through the ages (at least 4 images)

5. Evolution Evolution is caused by changes in the environment:
Catastrophism = theory that natural disasters such as a floods or volcanic eruptions lead to changes in the environment, which then lead to evolution.
Gradualism = theory that environmental change occurs gradually or slowly, which leads to gradual, slow evolution.

6. Charles Darwin
The person who popularized the theory of evolution was Charles Darwin.
In the 1830’s Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands, a small group of islands off the coast of Ecuador in South America. Influenced by his experience, he decided to write his book, “On the Origin of Species” in 1859.

8. Natural Selection
Darwin proposed that Natural Selection was responsible for the changes that organisms experience over time.
Natural Selection = the process by which organisms with favorable variations survive and produce more offspring.

9. Natural Selection
Variations are the physical differences between the individual members of a group.
Favorable variations become Adaptations: an inherited variation that increases an organism’s chance of survival in a particular environment.

13. Natural Selection
Isolation is the condition in which two populations of the same species cannot interbreed anymore due to the fact that they have evolved separate from each other for so long.
Species = a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring.

15. Grand Canyon Squirrels (isolated for 10,000 years)
Natural Selection
Grand Canyon Squirrels (isolated for 10,000 years)
North = Kaibab Squirrel
South = Albert Squirrel

16. Natural Selection
Natural selection occurs in nature without the intervention of humans.
Artificial selection is the process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits.
This only works if the trait is heritable (able to be passed down from one generation to next).

17. Artificial Selection

18. Artificial Selection

19. Natural Selection
One last term in natural selection is extinction (when a species disappears permanently).
Most extinctions are caused by natural disasters, and/or humans.

22. Grizzly bear still alive and found in different parts of world.
Ursus horribilus
California Grizzly
Ursus californicus
Last one shot in 1922.

23. Evidence of Evolution
Fossils = The trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, preserved in sedimentary rock.
Note: it is normally the harder part of an organism (teeth, bone, shell) that becomes a fossil.
Paleontologist = scientists who study fossils.

24. Evidence of Evolution
Over millions of years, dirt, sand and rock get deposited on the ground in layer after layer after layer. Between these layers dead organisms are often trapped.

25. Evidence of Evolution
When the weather or seismic activity (when the ground moves) exposes the layers, fossils are found.

26. Evidence of Evolution
Any living organism can leave a fossil, even plants!
As long as the organism is buried and subsequently replaced by minerals.

27. Evidence of Evolution: DNA

28. Evidence of Evolution
Biogeography, the study of the distribution of organisms around the world.
Agile Mind Evidence of Evolution – The evidence for evolution – slide 6

30. Biogeography

31. Evidence of Evolution: Vestigial Structures

32. Evidence of Evolution: Vestigial Structures

33. Evidence of Evolution: Vestigial Structures

34. Evidence of Evolution: Vestigial Structures

36. Evidence of Evolution: homologous structures

37. Evidence of Evolution: Analogous Structures

38. Evidence of Evolution: Analogous Structures

39. Evidence of Evolution
Vertebrates are any organism that has a backbone.
Embryos are the organism in a very early stage of life.

40. Fish Salamander Turtle Chicken Pig Sheep Rabbit Human

41. Human Evolution
For human evolution just understand that modern humans have only been around for about 100,000 years.
According to current data, hominids (human-like organisms) have been around for about 10 million years.
No, we did not “come from” monkeys, but we did evolve from a common ancestor.

44. Australopithecus afarensis

45. Australopithecus africanus

46. Paranthropus robustus

47. Paranthropus boisei

48. Homo habilis

49. Homo erectus

50. Homo heidelbergensis

51. Homo neanderthalensis

52. Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon)

53. Homo sapiens sapiens

54. Homo floresiensis “The Hobbit” 3 ½ feet tall Small brain Huge feet
Possibly left Africa as A. afarensis, reached S.E. Asia, evolved, disappeared.