1. PIA 2020 Introduction to Public Affairs
Comparative Governance and Bureaucratic Processes

2. Classic Reading Discussions
Breaking up into Groups of 4-5, select 2 of the 3 Classic Readings for this week and answer the following questions and write down your group responses:
What was the reading about? Give a summary (2-4 sentences).
What were 2 important quotes from the reading that you found impactful?
What was the purpose of the reading?
What does the reading have to say in relation to: Governance, Bureaucracy, Working in these systems, Corruption?
Please address in your discussions the questions for each selected reading:
‘In a Free State’ provides two stories about characters living abroad. What are the challenges that they face that Naipaul is demonstrating?
In the ‘Institutional Imperative’, how are institutions and the people like lawyers who work for them portrayed?
In the ‘Sale of Public Offices’, how are the systems of different countries characterized? What are the factors that help bring about the ‘systematic sale of public offices?’
Please be prepared to present your answers with the class.

3. REMINDERS Midterm is Next Wednesday-
75% Short Answer and Multiple Choice options, select 15/20 options to complete
25% Essay- 3 topics to choose from to write on, select 1 of the 3 only, 3-5 paragraphs, you will want at least 45 mins to complete
Covers Weeks 1-7
Please be on time, bring pencils and pens to use
Study closely notes from Recitations shared yesterday
2. Study Session for Midterm on Monday, 6-8PM, please come having studied ahead so that you can contribute
3. Presentation at 1:45 same day on 21st, by Dr. Picard, Dr. Pugh, and Jessi on Life of Ebola Survivors, hope you can make it! Free cookies…

4. Anti-Bureaucrats and Ideologues
Video
Father Charles E. Coughlin
With Huey P. Long, and Gerald L. K. Smith

5. An Overview of Public Sector Reform

6. The Structure and Process of Bureaucracies- First Cut
Political Institutions and Public Affairs
Debates about Public Sector Reform
Lobbyists, Networks and Pressures
Public Motives vs. Private Economics and Dealing with Corruption

7. Reform Epochs: A Reminder
16th Century France: Separation of King from retainers. Creation of Bureaucracy
18th Century Prussia: Cameralism- Defined civil administrators in public and Corporate Sector
Nineteenth Century: British India and British Reforms: Selection by Examination and Interview
Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century U.K. and U.S.: Civil Service Reform: Ending the Spoils
Last Part of the Twentieth Century: Structural Adjustment

8. Bureaucracies, Politicians and Clients
Overall Themes of the Next Several Weeks in the Reading
Characteristics of Bureaucracies (Schiavo-Campo)
Explaining Bureaucratic Behavior (Peters)
Clients: The comparative advantage of the "Iron Triangle" model (Executive Bureaucracy, Congress and Staff and Lobbyists). (Sandel and Kharasch)
Clients and Democracy: The Power of the Lobbyist (Zakaria)
Corporatism as the Alternative Concept (Conspiracy?) (Mills and Wedel)
Evaluating Reform and Understanding behavior (Wilson)

9. The Public Sector Problem:
Inefficiency
Corruption
Interest Influence
Authoritarianism
Patronage

10. Lincoln and the Accusation of Patronage

11. The U.S. Case Study

12. Two Views of Behavior

13. Kenya Poster: A Reminder

14. How to Reform:
Organizational and Administrative Reform (Motivation and Communication)
Civil Service Reform (Recruitment)
Fiscal Reform (Spending and Ownership)
Policy Reform (Law and Order vs. Development)

15. Modern Reforms: U.S. Model
U.S. Civil Service Reform: 1883: End of Spoils
Hoover Commissions: 1940s and 1950s (Admin. Reform)
New Public Administration: Advocacy Reform and Affirmative Action
Structural Adjustment: Debt Management and Privatization- Internationalized Reform
New Public Management: Customers and Clients

16. Evaluating Reforms?

17. Lobbyists, Networks and Pressures Clients: The Role of Groups

18. The Role of Groups Reform Perspective
Extent of access to public sector
Iron Triangle
Problem of Illicit Access

19. The Iron Triangle and the Revolving Door

20. Group Influences-Five Models:
1. Japan/Asia- Johnson's perspective (State Centric Planning and one way movement)
2. Europe- (Orwell, Greene, Ferrel Heady (Representation vs. Corporatism)
3. U.S.- Pluralism vs. Elite Theory (Dahl vs. C. Wright Mills)
4. Latin America: Military Corporatism and Patron Client Relationships
5. Africa/Middle East: Crony Capitalism

21. Peronism vs. Chile Video:

22. Pluralist vs. Controlling
Power Elite- Class
Pluralist (Competitive)

23. C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite (1916-1962)
How Valid?
Mills commuted to Columbia College on his motorcycle, 1950s

24. LDCs An absence of "clients" or Too many?
The Role of patronage, corruption and Crony capitalism.
-Indonesia
-Korea
-West and West Africa
-South Africa
-China
-U.S.?

25. Crony Capitalism

26. AT ISSUE
Public Interest vs. private interests (and the bureaucracy as an interest group)
Question: Is there such a thing as a Public Interest Group? (PIG)
NGOs: Public, private or Ideological?

27. The Ideal

28. John Q. Public Is there such a person?
Clients and Democracy
John Q. Public
Is there such a person?

29. Major themes in Comparative Public Administration-
Administrative Structures and Society- An Individualist view of state-society relationships
a. Common law view of society;
b. Anglo-Saxon model: law and order as basic function of government;
c. Society made up of individuals- liberalism

30. Political Structures and Public Management Themes
1. Issues of Governance, Interests and Political Development
2. The Administrative State Problem: Weak Political controls and a strong bureaucratic elite

31. Control: How to vs. Should one?

32. Political Structures and Public Management
3. Elite vs. egalitarian views of public service. (A Reminder)- Interests within the State)
a. Maximum Deferred Achievement (No pre-selection)
b. Maximum Ascriptive Model (Class based)
c. Progressive Equal Attrition Model Egalitarian- Professional- collectivist

33. Political Structures and Public Management
1. Structure of Civil Service Systems: The role of Mandarins and political penetration into the civil service
2. Decayed and Transferred Institutions: (Kings and Colonies)- The creation of an organizational bourgeoisie (Irving Markovitz)
3. Corporatist Systems can be royalist, military, social (Spain, Argentina, Scandinavia)

34. The Myth: Classical Non-Partisanism
The Politics/Administration Dichotomy: The Role of Non-Partisan Movements and Generic Management
POSDECORB (Luther Gulick)
(Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, and Budgeting)
How Neutral?

35. Differences between the public and the private sector- How much, or how little?
1. No significant differences between personnel in large private vs. public organizations
2. Differences in the structures within which the individual has to work
3. The bureaucracy is an institution of government

36. Government: Differences from the private sector-
Difference in Product
4. Private- emphasis is on profit, economy and efficiency
5. Public- need to account for the political and social- not what is always efficient
6. Issue- motivation or its absence in the public sector

37. The Bottom Line
Government Has THE Monopoly of Power (Ultimately Life and Death)

39. Bureaucrats: Powerful or Silly
Video: The Ministry of Silly Walks

40. Comments and Discussion