1. Bell Ringer (Feb 1) *Title a sheet of paper Bell Ringers
*Put your name in top right corner
*Put today’s date in margin
*Answer the question: If all things in the Universe are made up of matter, what is matter made up of? Restate the question into your answer.

2. Atomic Structure (The Atom)
(Page 89)

3. Atomic Structure (The Atom)
Essential Question: What makes an element different from other elements?
Gold Carbon

4. ATOMS
*Atom - the smallest particle of matter that keeps its physical/chemical properties.
*The building blocks of all matter.

5. ATOMS
*How small?
20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

6. *How small? Electron Microscope

7. Part 1 - Structure of Atoms

8. 1) Nucleus – center of the atom where protons and neutrons are located

9. Nucleus – small, but very dense

10. **Protons – positively ( + ) charged particles

11. *have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu)

12. **Neutrons – neutrally charged particles

13. *Slightly more mass than a proton (1amu)

14. *Equal number of protons and neutrons (sometimes more neutrons)

15. 2) Electron cloud –where the electrons orbit the nucleus

16. *The orbital paths are random

17. **Electrons – negatively charged particles
( -- )

18. *have a very small mass (0 amu)
**1,800 electrons equals the mass of one proton.

19. *always same number of electrons as protons

20. *Electron shells – the orbital paths of the electrons
1 – 2
2 – 8
3 – 18
4 – 32
6 – – 8

21. *The orbital paths are random

22. Electron shells – Boron ( 5 electrons)

23. Electron shells – Aluminum (13 electrons)

24. Electron cloud – What keeps the electrons from flying out of the atom?

25. The attraction between the nucleus (positive charge) and the electrons (negative charge)

26. **The overall (net) charge of an
atom is 0
(7+) (7-) = 0
Protons Electrons

27. Bell Ringer (Feb 2)
An atom has 10 protons and 12 neutrons. What is the mass of the atom’s nucleus?
Defend your answer.

28. Atomic Structure (The Atom)
Essential Question: What makes an element different from other elements?
Gold Carbon

29. Part 2 - How are Atoms Described
*Each type of atom is unique
The different combination of protons, neutrons, and electrons produce atoms with different properties.
The number of each kind of particle within the atom determines what kind of atom (element) it is.

31. How are Atoms Described
*Atomic number – the number of protons in an atom

32. Atomic numbers
Lithium Boron 5

33. Every lithium atom has 3 protons
Every boron atom has 5 protons

34. What is the atomic number of this Nitrogen atom?7

35. *Atomic mass – the total mass of an atom (add the protons and neutrons)
Atomic mass Lithium - 6

36. What is the atomic mass of this Nitrogen atom?14

37. What is the atomic mass of this
Boron atom? 11

38. Isotopes – atoms of an element with different # of protons and neutrons

39. 6 6 6 15 80 13 13 80 80 13 28 160 12 Carbon Atom Aluminum Atom
Mercury Atom
# of protons 6
# of neutrons 15 80
# of electrons 13
Atomic number
Atomic Mass number
Net charge 13 80 6 80 6 13 28
160 12

40. Conclusion
Draw an atom with
5 protons,
7 neutrons,
and
5 electrons
(Label each particle)

41. Draw a sketch of an atom with 6 protons,
Bell Ringer (Feb 5)
Draw a sketch of an atom with 6 protons,
7 neutrons, and
6 electrons.
(Do this in color and
label each particle)