3. Program Goals

4. Disclaimers

5. Defining Refractory Seizures

6. The Burden of Refractory Seizures

7. The Challenge of Refractory Seizures

8. Factors That Increase Risk for Refractory Seizuresa

9. Confirming the Diagnosis

10. Overview of Treatment Strategies for Refractory Epilepsy

11. Medical Management

12. Medical Management (cont)

13. Surgical Approaches

14. Surgical Approaches (cont)

15. Neurostimulation and Palliative Approaches

16. AAN Epilepsy Quality Performance Measures

17. Summary and Key Points

18. Abbreviations

19. References

20. References (cont)

21. References (cont)

22. References (cont)