1. Enhancing Instructional Practices by Understanding Others
Personality Types
Enhancing Instructional Practices by Understanding Others

2. Carl Young - Psychological Types (1921)
Much of what seems to be random behaviour is actually quite orderly and consistent
AND
is due to basic differences in the way individuals prefer to take in information and act upon this information.

3. The Myers Briggs Type Indicator
was developed by Isabel Myers daughter of
Katherine Briggs.
is based on Carl Jung’s Theory of Personality Types
measures your personal type preferences
focuses on the strengths of differences in type

4. Assumptions behind the MBTI
We are born with certain preferred ways of behaving known as personality types.
2. Our environment also impacts our type preferences.
3. The more we use preferred types the more skillful we get with them.
4. Type preferences that are most successful become dominant and influence our behaviour.
5. Lesser used type preferences can be developed
6. Type development is a life long process

5. Jung’s Theory of Personality Type
Type development is a life long process of gaining greater command over the functions. Personality development comes from polishing one’s dominant function and developing the auxiliary function as a youth. In midlife one can gain greater command over the tertiary and inferior functions.
Youth is a time to specialize, mid-life to generalize.
A very few exceptional individuals may reach a stage of individuation where they can use each function easily as the situation requires.

6. Type Preference Development
There are four scales:
Extraversion and Introversion (attitude)
Sensing and Intuition (function)
Thinking and Feeling (function)
Judging and Perceiving (attitude)
Each scale has two opposing preferences. As one end becomes more developed the other becomes less so.

7. Jung’s Functions & Attitudes
FUNCTIONS - Individuals use four functions to orient their consciousness. These four functions are sensing, intuition, thinking and feeling.
We perceive our reality either through our senses (S) or our intuition (N). These are the functions that we use to take in information.
We take actions based on what we think (T) or feel (F). These are the functions that we use to act on information.

8. ATTITUDES – Individuals use four attitudes to orient themselves to the world, two for interaction and two for operations.
Individuals interact with the world as either extraverts (E) or introverts (I). Extraverts gain energy from their environment and often seek personal interaction. Introverts lose energy to their environment and often seek detachment.
Individuals operate on the world with either perception (P) or judgment (J). A perception attitude is attuned to incoming information. A judgment attitude is concerned about decisions, closure, planning or organizing.

9. Interpreting Type Preferences
The numbers found on the feedback sheet do not indicate your personal strengths – they measure your level of preference for the functions and attitudes.
Very Clear Preferences
Clear Preferences
Moderate Preference
Slight Preference

10. Extraversion– Introversion (The E-I scale)
Extraverts Introverts
Outer World Orientation Inner World Orientation
People and Things Concepts and Ideas
Action Oriented Contemplative
Impulsive Thoughtful
Sociable Private & Detached

11. Sensing – Intuition (The S-N scale)
Sensing Individuals Intuitive Individuals
Present Reality Future Possibilities
Observant Insightful
Memory for Details Grasp of Theories
Practical Imaginative

12. Thinking – Feeling (The T-F scale)
Thinking Individuals Feeling Individuals
Logic Oriented Values Oriented
Critical Caring
Analytical Empathetic
Objective Subjective
Truth Harmony

13. Judging – Perceiving (The J–P Scale)
Judging Individuals Perceiving Individuals
Purposeful Spontaneous
Decisive Adaptable
Satisfied Interested
Seeks Closure Seeks Options

14. Preferences in Work Situations
Extraverted Types:
Like a variety and action
Often good at greeting people
Sometimes impatient with long slow jobs
Often enjoy talking on the phone
Can act quickly without thinking
Like to have people around
Prefer talking to writing
Communicate freely
Learn new tasks by talking it through with someone

15. Preferences in Work Situations
Introverted Types:
Like quiet for concentration
Have trouble remembering names and faces
Can work long periods without interruption
Dislike telephone interruptions
Think before they act, sometimes without acting
Work alone contentedly
Prefer written communication
Have some problems communicating
Learn by reading rather than talking or experiencing

16. Preferences in Work Situations
Sensing Types:
Focus on what works now
Like established ways of doing things
Enjoy applying what they have already learned
Work steadily and are realistic about deadlines
Reach conclusions step by step
Are careful about the facts
May be good at precise work
May not trust inspiration
Accept current reality

17. Preferences in Work Situations
Intuitive Types:
Focus on how things could be improved
Dislike doing the same things repeatedly
Enjoy learning new skills
Work in bursts of energy with slack periods in between
May leap to conclusions quickly
May get the facts a bit wrong
Follow their inspirations and hunches
Ask why things are as they are

18. Preferences in Work Situations
Thinking Types:
Are good at putting things in logical order
Respond more to ideas than feelings
Anticipate or predict logical outcomes
Need to be treated fairly
Tend to be firm and tough-minded
May hurt people’s feelings without knowing it
Have a talent for analyzing problems or situations

19. Preferences in Work Situations
Feeling Types:
Like harmony and work to make it happen
Respond to people’s values as much as their ideas
Good at seeing the effects of choices on people
Need occasional praise
Tend to be sympathetic
Enjoy pleasing people
Take an interest in the person behind the job or idea

20. Preferences in Work Situations
Judging Types:
Work best when they can plan their work and follow their
plan
Like to get things settled and finished
May decide things too quickly
Tend to work on one task at a time
Are satisfied once they reach a decision
Schedule projects in steps and complete them on time
Use lists as agendas for action

21. Preferences in Work Situations
Perceptive Types:
Leave things open for last-minute changes
Adapt well to changing situations
May have trouble making decisions & want more information
Work on many tasks and have difficulty finishing them
May postpone unpleasant tasks
Get a lot accomplished at the last minute if facing deadlines
Use lists as reminders of things to do some day

22. Intuitive Types Need Sensing Types to:
Bring up pertinent facts
Apply experience to problems
Read the fine print in the contract
Notice what needs to be done now
Have patience
Keep track of details
Be realistic
Celebrate successes of the present

23. Sensing Types Need Intuitive Types to:
Bring up new possibilities
Supply ingenuity on problems
Read signs of coming change
Prepare for the future
Have enthusiasm
Watch for new essentials
Tackle difficulties with zest
Show the joys of the future

24. Feeling Types Need Thinking Types to:
Analyze
Organize
Find flaws in advance
Reform what needs reforming
Maintain consistency
Weigh the evidence
Stand firm against opposition

25. Thinking Types Need Feeling Types to:
Persuade
Conciliate
Forecast how others will feel
Arouse enthusiasm
Teach
Sell ideas

26. Further Reading
“People Types and Tiger Stripes: A Practical Guide to Learning Styles” by Gordon Lawrence
“Gifts Differing” by Isabel Briggs Myers
“Please Understand Me - Character and Temperament Types” by David Keirsey and Marilyn Bates

27. Preference Patterns
Of the four functions, one will be classified as each:
Dominant – the most preferred
Auxiliary – second most preferred
Tertiary – third most preferred
Inferior – least preferred
The dominant and inferior share the same scale.
The auxiliary and tertiary share the same scale.

28. Preference Patterns – Introvert Sample
INTJ is the type that is introverted intuition with thinking.
Intuition is the dominant function and is introverted.
Thinking is the auxiliary function and is extraverted.
Feeling is the tertiary function and is extraverted.
Sensing is the inferior function and is extraverted.

29. Preference Patterns – Extravert Sample
ENTJ is the type that is extroverted thinking with intuition.
Thinking is the dominant function and is extraverted.
Intuition is the auxiliary function and is introverted.
Sensing is the tertiary function and is introverted.
Feeling is the inferior function and is introverted.

30. Personality Type Activity
Review slides 1-9 for general information
For slides please:
1. Circle the characteristics that are much like you
2. Star the characteristics that are somewhat like you
3. See if you can identify how valid the humanmetrics findings were
For slides re-examine your preferences using the same system
Review slides to validate the need for collaboration with different types.
Slides 27 are an enrichment activity for those who are interested.