1. EA C461 – Artificial Intelligence Introduction
S.P.Vimal

2. To discuss… What is artificial Intelligence?
Course Structure / Administrative issues
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

3. Course Administrative Issues
Mon-Wed-Fri 7th hour (2:00 PM) RN2221
Consulting hour: Monday 9th hour RN 2152-A
Notices
Course home page
IPC Notice Board
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

4. Course Administrative Issues
Evaluation
Test % Open Book /09 -02:00 PM
Test % Open Book /10 -02:00 PM
Compre % Closed Book 10/12 – Afternoon
Surprise Quiz 05% Closed Book best 2 of (2.5% x 3)
This Quiz can be conducted in Lab hours / Lecture hours
Assignments 15% Open Book (2 x 7.5%)
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

5. Course Administrative Issues
Makeup Policy
Read the handout
Sufficient documents needed
At the instructors discretion
Usually scheduled within a week of regular exam
No makeup for Surprise Quizzes
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

6. Artificial Intelligence ???
made by human skill; produced by humans
imitation; simulated …
Intelligence ?
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

7. Is intelligence a single faculty or collection of unrelated abilities?
Is it learned / preexisted?
What happens when learning occurs???
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

8. Does intelligence require the richness of sensation?
Can intelligence be inferred from observable behavior / does it require some evidence of a internal mechanism?
How does knowledge represented in the nerve tissue of a living being, and what lessons does this have on the design of intelligent machines?
Does intelligence require the richness of sensation?
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

9. What is self awareness? What role does it play on intelligence?
Is it really necessary to pattern an intelligent computer program after what is known as intelligence, or is it strictly an engineering activity specific to the problem
What is self awareness? What role does it play on intelligence?
Getting the definition of the field itself remains one of the goals of the field.
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

10. Approaches to AI Human centered Rationalist
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

11. Rationally Acting Thinking Humanly
“The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people” (Kurtzweil, 1990)
“The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better” (Rich and Knight, 1991)
Humanly
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

12. Acting humanly: Turing Test
Turing (1950) "Computing machinery and intelligence":
"Can machines think?"  "Can machines behave intelligently?"
Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game
Predicted that by 2000, a machine might have a 30% chance of fooling a lay person for 5 minutes
Suggested major components of AI: language understanding, knowledge, reasoning, learning
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

13. Rationally Acting Thinking Humanly
“The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people” (Kurtzweil, 1990)
“[The automation of] activities that we associate with human thinking, activities such as decision-making, problem solving, learning…” (Bellman, 1978)
“The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better” (Rich and Knight, 1991)
“ The exciting new efforts to make computers think… machines with minds, in the full and literal sense ” (Haugeland, 1985)
Humanly
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

14. Thinking humanly: cognitive modeling
How do we get inside the working of human mind?
Introspection
Psychological experiments
Cognitive Science (CS)
Computer models from AI + Experimental Techniques from Psychology  precise and testable theory of human mind
Still a tension between AI & CS
Perform well on the task  a model of human mind
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

15. Rationally Acting Thinking Humanly
“The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models” (Charniak and McDermott, 1985)
“The study of computation that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act” (Winston, 1992)
Acting
Thinking
“The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people” (Kurtzweil, 1990)
“[The automation of] activities that we associate with human thinking, activities such as decision-making, problem solving, learning…” (Bellman, 1978)
“The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better” (Rich and Knight, 1991)
“ The exciting new efforts to make computers think… machines with minds, in the full and literal sense ” (Haugeland, 1985)
Humanly
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

16. Thinking rationally: "laws of thought"
Aristotle: what are correct arguments/thought processes?
Several Greek schools developed various forms of logic: notation and rules of derivation for thoughts; may or may not have proceeded to the idea of mechanization
Problems:
Logical representation of informal knowledge
Problems with few dozens of facts can exhaust the computational resources
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

17. Rationally Acting Thinking Humanly
“The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models” (Charniak and McDermott, 1985)
“Computational intelligence is the study of the design of intelligent agents” (Poole et al., 1998)
“The study of computation that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act” (Winston, 1992)
“AI … is concerned with intelligent behavior in artifacts” (Nillson, 1998)
Acting
Thinking
“The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people” (Kurtzweil, 1990)
“[The automation of] activities that we associate with human thinking, activities such as decision-making, problem solving, learning…” (Bellman, 1978)
“The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better” (Rich and Knight, 1991)
“ The exciting new efforts to make computers think… machines with minds, in the full and literal sense ” (Haugeland, 1985)
Humanly
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

18. Acting rationally: rational agent
Rational behavior: doing the right thing
The right thing: that which is expected to maximize goal achievement, given the available information
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence

19. Modules
Topic
Learning Objectives
Lectures 1
Problem Solving by search
To understand those elements constituting problems and learn to solve it by various uninformed and informed (heuristics based) searching techniques 12 2
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
To understand those formal methods for representing the knowledge and the process of inference to derive new representations of the knowledge to deduce what to do 3
Uncertain Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
To understand the notion of uncertainty and some of probabilistic reasoning methods to deduce inferences under uncertainty 6 4
Machine Learning
To understand some of those mechanisms by which an AI system can improve it’s behavior through its experience 10
Vimal EA C461- Artificial Intelligence