1. This is the link to the slides for the accompanying practical.
Tissues
This is the link to the slides for the accompanying practical.

2. Tissues
Groups of cells to perform specialized structural and functional roles

3. 4 major types of tissues:
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

4. Epithelial Tissue
EpT

5. Epithelial Tissue
Cover all body surfaces both interior and exterior, the major tissue of most organs

6. This tissue has two sides, one free side, and one attached by a basement membrane.
Lacks blood vessels

7. Functions
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion
Sensory reception
protection

8. Types Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar
Pseudostratified columnar
Stratified squamous
Transitional epithelium

9. 1. Simple squamous Single layer of thin flattened cells.
Cells are tightly packed
Nuclei are broad and thin
Located in areas of diffusion

10. 2. Simple cuboidal Single layer of cubed cells
Centrally located spherical nucleus
Located in areas of secretion

11. 3. Simple Columnar Single layer of elongated cells
Nuclei located in a line near the basement membrane

12. Located in the linings of most organs
Thick for protection
Microvilli for increased surface area
Goblet cells to produce mucus.

13. 4. Pseudostratified Columnar
Appear layered (Are NOT!)
Nuclei are located at more than one level
Goblet cells spread throughout

14. Cilia to keep mucus moving
Located in tubes for transport (not vessels)

15. 5. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Many layers of cells making a relatively thick tissue
Cells reproduce in deep layers, older cells are pushed outward to die and be sloughed off.

16. Located in areas of exposure
Contains the protein keratin in areas of outward exposure

17. 6. Transitional Epithelium
Specialized to deal with changing tension.
When an organ is contracted the cells appear layered
Lining may stretch to 1 cell thick.

18. Connective Tissue CT

19. Connective Tissue
The most abundant tissue type by weight.
Tissue varies in consistency from liquid semi-solid solid.

20. Well nourished by its own blood supply

21. Functions Provides support Serves as framework Fills spaces Stores fat
Produces blood cells

22. 6. Provides protection against infection 7. Helps repair tissue damage

23. Each CT is made up of cells and fibers.

24. Cell Types Resident cells: present in stable numbers
Wandering cells: appear temporarily in injured tissues
Mast cells: large, widely distributed, release heparin and histamine.

25. Fiber Types
Collagenous: relatively thick, flexible but not very elastic, withstands a pulling force. (tendon)
Elastic: not as strong but very elastic (vocal)
Reticular: very thin, highly branched, form delicate supporting networks.

26. CT types Loose CT (areolar): binds skin to underlying organs
fills spaces between muscle
contains numerous blood vessels
Layered fibers separated by a gel-like substance

27. 2. Adipose (fat): Store fats in droplets
Found beneath the skin, between muscles, and around organs
Used for protection and insulation

28. 3. Fibrous CT: Poor blood supply Densely packed tissue
Withstand strong pulling force

29. 4. Cartilage: Rigid CT Chondrocytes develop in lacunae
Covered in perichondrium
Blood supplied by perichondrium

30. Cartilage types: Hyaline: delicate, trachea Elastic: flexible, ears
Fibrocartilage: shock absorbing, intervertebral discs

31. 5. Bone:
Most rigid CT
Due to mineral salts

32. 6. Blood: Most fluid Function in transport and regulation Components:
Plasma: fluid
RBC: carry oxygen
WBC: immune function
Platelets: cellular particles

33. Muscle Tissue MT

34. Muscle Tissue
Contractile fibers
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

35. Nervous Tissue NT

36. Nervous Tissue Highly conductive
Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Neurons: individual nerve cells
Neuroglial cells: support cells, connect neurons to blood vessels

37. Continue with ALL applications within the chapter.