1. Gene control mechanisms may interact with ________.
DNA
RNA
polypeptides
all of the choices 1 2 3 4 5

2. In gene control, a promoter controls ________.
DNA replication
transcription of specific genes
mRNA translation
protein synthesis 1 2 3 4 5

3. transcription, translation methylation, acetylation operons, operators
In DNA replication, the process of ________ blocks access to genes, and ________ make(s) genes accessible.
mitosis, meiosis
transcription, translation
methylation, acetylation
operons, operators 1 2 3 4 5

4. When do gene controls interact with RNA?
in transcript processing
in translation
after translation
all of the choices 1 2 3 4 5

5. Body cells become specialized in composition, structure, and function by the process of ________.
acetylation
methylation
translation
differentiation 1 2 3 4 5

6. Which of the following is true of X chromosome expression in female mammals?
all genes are expressed
the Y chromosome is suppressed
one X chromosome is inactivated
both X chromosomes are activated 1 2 3 4 5

7. "Mosaic" expression of X-linked genes refers to ________.
patches of tissue where maternal or paternal X chromosomes are expressed
blending of genes from maternal and paternal X chromosomes
patches of tissue with different numbers of chromosomes
random expression of somatic chromosomes 1 2 3 4 5

8. In female mammals, one X chromosome shuts down because females have ________.
twice as many X-chromosome genes as males
half as many X-chromosome genes as males
half as many Y-chromosome genes as males
inactive Y-chromosome genes 1 2 3 4 5

9. In dosage compensation, gene control of normal embryonic development shuts down ________.
one X chromosome in males
one X chromosome in females
one Y chromosome in males
one Y chromosome in females 1 2 3 4 5

10. In flowering plants, selective expression of ABC genes determines ________.
how flowers develop
methods of asexual reproduction
genetic variety within a species
steps in photosynthesis 1 2 3 4 5

11. The development of a body plan with differentiated cells is achieved by ________.
repression of mRNA translation
suppression of proteolytic enzymes
expression of different genes in different embryonic cells
ingestion of specific proteins and enzymes 1 2 3 4 5

12. The purpose of homeotic genes is to ________.
replicate DNA
transcribe DNA
translate mRNA
map out the basic body plan 1 2 3 4 5

13. Researchers can control gene expression in Drosophila by ________.
adding special promoters to a gene
mutating genes
preventing transcription or translation
all of the choices 1 2 3 4 5

14. "Pattern formation" describes the emergence of embryonic tissues ________.
at specific times and places
at birth
before fertilization
in the epidermis 1 2 3 4 5

15. when it can be fertilized
Polar distribution of maternal proteins in an unfertilized egg determines ________.
the sex of the embryo
the future body axis
the species
when it can be fertilized 1 2 3 4 5

16. In prokaryotic cells, gene controls often respond to ________.
short-term shifts in environmental conditions
stable conditions
DNA code
RNA code 1 2 3 4 5

17. The function of a repressor protein is to ________.
begin transcription
prevent transcription
begin translation
prevent translation 1 2 3 4 5

18. transcription, translation mitosis, meiosis operators, operons
In eukaryotes, genes control ________ in the nucleus, and ________ in the cytoplasm.
transcription, translation
mitosis, meiosis
operators, operons
RNA, DNA 1 2 3 4 5

19. In the absence of lactose, a repressor molecule prevents ________ from transcribing genes.
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
lactase
repressor proteins 1 2 3 4 5

20. What happens when a repressor protein is bound to a set of operators on a DNA molecule?
genes are transcribed
genes are not transcribed
mRNA is translated
mRNA is not translated 1 2 3 4 5